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MD 814 > Hand & Structures > Flashcards

Hand & Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What are the compartments of the hand?

A

Thenar, hypothenar, central, and adductor interosseous

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2
Q

What are the muscles of the thenar compartment? What innervate them?

A

Abductor pollicis Brevis, flexor pollicis Brevis, and opponens pollicis

Movement/positioning of the 1st digit

Median nerve

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3
Q

What are the muscles of the hypothenar compartment muscles? What innervate it?

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi

Positioning/movement of 5th digit

Ulnar nerve

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4
Q

What are the muscles of the central compartment? What innervates it?

A

Lumbricals, tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

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5
Q

What is the function of the lumbricals?

A

Flexion at MCP joints and extension at IP joints (1st and 2nd innervated by median and 3rd and 4th innervated by ulnar nerve)

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6
Q

What limits the central compartment anteriorly?

A

Palmar aponeuroses

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7
Q

What limits the central compartment laterally?

A

Thenar septum

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8
Q

What limits the central compartment medially?

A

hypothenar septum

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9
Q

What limits the central compartment inferiorly?

A

Palmar interousseus fascia

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10
Q

What are the muscles of the adductor-interosseous compartment?

A

Adductor pollicis
Palmar interossei (3 muscles)
Dorsal interossei (4 muscles)

ALL innervated by ulnar nerve

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11
Q

What is the function of the adductor pollicis?

A

Adducts/positions 1st digit

Ulnar nerve

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12
Q

What is the function of the 3 palmar interossei muscles?

A

Adducts digits 2, 4, 5

Ulnar nerve

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13
Q

What is the function of the 4 dorsal interossei muscles?

A

Abducts digits 2, 3, 4

Ulnar nerve

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14
Q

Describe the flexor retinaculum

A

Inelastic connective tissue band extending laterally from scaphoid to trapezium and medially from pisiform to hammate

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15
Q

What does the flexor retinaculum form the root of?

A

Carpal Tunnel

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16
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum?

A

connective tissue band present on posterior wrist

17
Q

What do retinacula prevent?

A

Bowing of tendons when muscles contract

18
Q

What are synovial sheaths?

A

Enclose tendons of the flexor and extensor muscles to reduce friction during movement

19
Q

What are the digital fibrous sheaths?

A

Fibrous bands superficial to synovial sheaths in fingers that prevent bowing of tendons during muscle contraction

20
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

Passageway between flexor retinaculum & carpal bones containing tendons

21
Q

Which tendons are in the carpal tunnel? What innervates them?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus

Median nerve

22
Q

Describe carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of median nerve

Burning, tingling, itching, and numbness in thumb, middle, and index fingers

Progresses to decrease in grip strength, motor loss, and thenar eminence muscle waste

3x more likely in women

Treatment: rest, decrease activity, anti-inflammatory medication, and surgery

23
Q

What forms the palmar arch?

A

Radial aa and ulnar aa superficial to flexor retinaculum and anastomose

24
Q

What is the purpose of the palmar arch?

A

To continue blood supply to hand if either ulnar aa or radial aa is blocked

25
Q

Where do common palmar digital arteries originate?

A

Superficial palmar arch

26
Q

Where do proper palmar digital arteries branch from?

A

Branches from common palmar digital aa and supplies contiguous sides of 2nd-5th digits

27
Q

Where does deep palmar arch anastomosis between?

A

Radial and ulnar artery branches

28
Q

What are the branches of deep palmar arch that supplement superficial palmar arch by way of anastomoses with common palmar digital aa?

A

Palmar metacarpal aa

29
Q

What is the principal blood supply for thumb and radial side of index fingers, respectively?

A

Princeps pollicis a. And radial indices a.

30
Q

What is the anatomical snuffbox (radial fossa) bounded by?

A

Tendon of extensor pollicis longus posteriorly
Tendons of extensor pollicis Brevis
Abductor pollicis longus anteriorly

31
Q

What artery passes through the anatomical snuff box?

A

Radial - can take pulse here

32
Q

What bones form the floor of the snuff box?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium

33
Q

What is the most commonly broken carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

MD 814 (11 decks)

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