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Human Anatomy 2 > Superficial Back and Scapular Region > Flashcards

Superficial Back and Scapular Region Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin:
1. Superior nuchal line
2. external occipital protuberance
3. SP C7-T12
4. ligamentum nuchae

Insertion:
1. lateral clavicle
2. acromion
3. tubercle fo scapular spine

Action:
1. upper fibers: elevate the scapula and upwardly/laterally rotate the scapula
2. medial fibers: retract (adduct) the scapula
3. lower fibers: depress the scapula and upwardly/laterally rotate the scapula

Innervation:
1. accessory nerve C3, C4

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2
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin:
1. T7-sacrum (SP)
2. posterior iliac crest
3. posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia
4. lower 4 ribs (8-12)
insertion:
1. floor of the intertubercular floor of the humerus
Action:
1. IR (medially rotates arm)
2. extends the arm
3. adducts the arm
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8

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3
Q

Rhomboid Major and Minor

A

Origin:
1. SP T2-T5 (major)
2. SP C7-T1 (minor)
Insertion:
1. medial border of scapula
Action:
1. retracts the scapula
2. downwardly rotates the scapula
3. elevates the scapula
Innervation:
1. Dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5

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4
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Origin:
1. TP C1-C4
Insertion:
1. upper portion of medial scapula
Action:
1. elevate scapula
2. downwardly rotates the scapula
Innervation:
1. dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5

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5
Q

What nerves and arteries are in the superficial back

A
  • Dorsal scapular nerve
    C5 NR
  • dorsal scapular artery
  • supra scapular nerve
  • suprascapular artery
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6
Q

Lumbar triangle

A
  • inferior: external oblique, iliac crest and Latissimus dorsi border
  • Superior: 12th rib, internal oblique, and quadratus lumborum

can be sites of hernias

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7
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A
  • Trapezius
  • inferior angle of scapula
  • latissimus dorsi
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8
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve what does it supply and review the course

A
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapulae
  • penetrates through middle/anterior scalene
  • travels deep to rhomboids
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9
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve entrapment

A
  • can get entrapped between anterior and middle scalene
  • pain
  • muscles spasms/tightness (Levator or rhomboids)
  • scapular dyskinesia
  • Chronic - scapular winging secondary to atrophic changes and muscle denervation
  • often overlooked because no sensory only Motor contribution
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10
Q

Posterior arm and shoulder muscles

A
  • deltoid
    teres major
    teres minor
    infraspinatus
    supraspinatus
    triceps
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11
Q

Posterior arm and shoulder nerves and arteries

A
  • axillary nerve
  • supra scapular nerve
  • supra scapular artery
  • radial nerve
  • profunda brachii artery
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12
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin:
1. Acromion
2. Lateral clavicle
3. Spine of scapula
Insertion:
1. deltoid tuberosity
Action:
1. Anterior fibers flex
2. (all)middle fibers abduct
3. Posterior fibers extend
Innervation:
1. axillary nerve C5, C6

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13
Q

Teres major

A

Origin:
1. Inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion:
1. medial lip of inter tubercle groove
Action:
1. extends arm
2. adducts arm
3. IR arm
Innervation:
1. Inferior Subscapular nerve C6. C7

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14
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin:
1. Supraspinatus fossa
Insertion:
1. superior facet of the greater tubercle
Action:
1. initiates abduciton
Innervation:
1. Suprascapular nerve C5, C6

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15
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin:
1. infraspinatus fossa

Insertion:
1. middle facet of the greater tubercle

Action:
1. ER (lateral rotation) of the arm

Innervation:
1. suprascapular nerve C5,C6

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16
Q

Teres Minor

A

Origin:
1. lateral border of the scapula (upper 2/3)

Insertion:
1. inferior facet of the greater tubercle

Action:
1. ER (lateral rotation) of the arm

Innveration:
1. axillary nerve C5,C6

17
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin:
1. long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
2. lateral head: poster humerus superior to radial glove
3. medial head: posterior humerus inferior to radial groove

Insertion:
1. olecranon process of ulna

Action:
1. Elbow extension (all three heads)
2. arm extension (long head)
3. arm adduction (long head)

Innervation:
1.radial nerve C6-C8

18
Q

Quadrangular space borders and contents

A

Borders:
- superior = teres minor
- inferior= teres major
- medial = long head of triceps
- lateral = humerus

Contents:
- axillary nerve
- posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

19
Q

Triangular interval

A

Borders:
- superior: teres major
- medial = long head of triceps
- lateral = lateral head of triceps

Contents:
- radial nerve
- profunda brachii artery

20
Q

axillary nerve what does it supply and review course

A
  • Detloid
  • teres minor
  • passes through quadrangular space
  • innervates the skin on the lateral shoulder and back of arm
21
Q

What are common causes of axillary nerve entrapment

A
  • quadrangular space (rare)
  • injured when overstretched between neck and shoulder often with anterior dislocation
22
Q

Suprascapular nerve - supplies what and review its course

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • runs laterrally beneath the traps and omohydioeus muscles and descends through the suprascapular notch and then spinoglenoid notche
23
Q

What are common causes of entrapment

suprascapular n.

A
  • excessive protraction
24
Q

Common MSK causes of shoulder pain

A
  • subacromial impingement
  • RC tendiopathy
  • Degenerative disorders (OA/RA)
  • LH biceps pathology
  • GH instability
  • AC joint pathology/instability (sprain/tear)
  • Labral tear
  • muscle strain
  • scapular dyskinesia - serratus anterior
25
Q

Organ referral patterns at the shoulder

A
  • heart
  • lung
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
  • diaphragm
  • esophagus
26
Q

RC tendiopathies

symptoms,causes, factors

A
  • Shoulder pain
  • most common cause is impingement and RC tendopathy
  • Acute: direct blow, fall overhead activity
  • chronic: tendinitis, repetitive overuse/overhead activity
  • extrinsic factors: mechanical impingement by acromion/SA arch
  • intrinsic - degeneration of RC, mid substance diminishing blood supply
27
Q

Imaging guidelines for the shoulder

A
  • X-Ray is initial choice
  • MRI: glenoid labral tears, RTC tears/impingment, tendonopathies, bursitis
  • CT: complex fx, or pre-surgery
  • MSKUS: long head of biceps, RTC, impingement
28
Q

PT diagnostic tools at the shoulder

impingement

A
  • empty can test: evaluates SIS and supraspinatus tendon
  • Scapular relocation test: with empty can
  • Supine impingement test
  • hawkins-kennedy test
  • neer
  • painful arc
29
Q

Interventions for impingement/RC tendiopathy

A
  • pain relief: pendulums/modalities
  • submax isometrics
  • AROM avoiding impingement zone
  • progression to RC and scapular strengthening
  • education on posture

Human Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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