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Human Anatomy 2 > Hip joint, deep back, suboccipital, gluteal regions > Flashcards

Hip joint, deep back, suboccipital, gluteal regions Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic Bones

A
  • Illium
  • ischium
  • pubis
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2
Q

Landmarks in the pelvic

A

look over

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3
Q

Serratus Posteior Superior

A

Origin:
1. C7-T3 SP
Insertion:
1. Ribs 2-5 (Run out laterally)
Action:
1. elevates the ribs
Innervation:
1. ventral rami of the thoracic nerves

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4
Q

Serrratus posterior inferior

A

Origin:
1. T11-L3 SP

Insertion:
1. Ribs 9-12

Action:
1. depress the ribs

Innervation:
1. ventral rami of thoracic nerves

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5
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

Origin:
1. spinous processes of C7-T4

Insertion:
1. mastoid process
2. lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

Action:
1. bilateral: extend neck
2. Unilateral: ipsilateral neck rotation

Innervation:
1. dorsal rami of cervical nerves

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6
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

Origin:
1. Spinous processes of T3-T6
Insertion:
1. Transverse processes of C1-C3

Action:
1. Bilateral: Extend neck
2. Unilateral: Ipsilateral neck rotation

Innervation:
1. Dorsal rami of cervical nerves

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7
Q

iliocastalis (errector spinae)

A

Lateral column
divisions:
- Lumborum
- Thoracis
- Cervicis

Origin:
1. Sacrum
2. lumbar spinous process
3. iliac crest

Insertion:
1. Angles of ribs
2. cervical transverse processes

Action:
1. bilateral: trunk extension
2. unilateral: ipsilateral trunk lateral flexion and rotation

Innervation:
1. dorsal rami

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8
Q

Longissimus

A

Middle column (erector spinae)
Divisions:
-thoracis
-cervicis
-capitis

Origin:
1. Thoracic and cervical TP

Insertion:
1. Thoracic and cervical TP
2. mastoid process

Action:
bilateral: trunk extension
unilateral: ipsilateral trunk lateral flexion

Innervation:
dorsal rami

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9
Q

Spinalis

A

Medial column (erector spinae)
Divisions:
- thoracis
- cervicis
- capitis

Origin:
1. thoracic and cervical spinous process

Insertion:
1. thoracic and cervical spinous process
2. blends with semispinalis capitis

Action:
1. bilateral: trunk extension
2. unilateral: ipsilateral trunk lateral flexion

Innervation:
1. dorsal rami

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10
Q

Tranversospinales

A

Origin:
1. transverse process
Insertion:
2. spinous process
-Semispinalis: spans 4-6 vertebrae (Occiput-thoracic)
-multifidus: spans 2-4 vertebrae (deep to semispinalis)
-rotatores: spans 1-2 vertebrae (deep to semispinalis thoracic)

Action:
1. Bilateral: extend trunk
2. unilateral: contralateral trunk rotation

Innervation:
1. dorsal rami

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11
Q

Segmental Muscles: levatores costrum

A

Origin:
1. Thoracic TP

Insertion:
1. Rib below

Action:
1. stabilize vertebral column

Innervation:
1. dorsal rami

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12
Q

Segmental Muscules: interspinales

A

Origin:
1. SP

Insertion:
1. SP below

Action:
1. stabilize vertebral column

Innervation:
1. dorsal rami

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13
Q

Segmental muscules: intetransversarrii

A

Origin:
1. TP

Insertion:
1. TP below

Action:
1. stabilize the vertebral column

Innervation:
1. Dorsal rami

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14
Q

Scalene

A

Anterior scalene
middle scalene
posterior scalene

Origin:
1. cervical TP
Insertion:
1. rib 1 or rib 2

Action:
1. elevation of rib 1 or 2

Innervation:
1. cervical ventral rami

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15
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior minor

A

Origin:
1. C1 SP

Insertion:
1. medial occipital bone

Action:
1. Stabilize the head

Innervation:
1. suboccipital nerve (C1)

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16
Q

Rectus Capitis posterior major

A

Origin:
1. C2 SP

Insertion:
1. lateral occipital bone

Action
1. stabilize head and neck

Innervation:
1. suboccipital nerve (C1)

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17
Q

Obliquus Capitis Supeiror

A

Origin:
1. C1 TP

Insertion:
1. occiput

Action:
1. stabilize Head and neck

Innervation:

  1. suboccipital nerve C1
18
Q

obliquus capitis inferior

A

Origin:
1. C2 SP

Insertion:
1. C1 TP

Action:
1. stabilize head and neck

Innervation:
1. suboccipital nerve C1

19
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Origin:
1. ilium
2. between inferior and anterior gluteal lines

Insertion:
1. Greater trochanter

Action:
1. Hip abduction

Innveration:
1. Superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

20
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Origin:
1. ilium
2. between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Insertion:
1. greater trochanter of the femur

Action:
1. Hip abduction

Innveration:
1. Superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

21
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin:
1. ilium (posterior to gluteal line)
2. sacrum
3. coccyx
4. sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion:
1. iliotibial tract
2. Gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Action:
1. extends the thigh
2. laterally rotates the thigh
3. abducts the thigh

Innervation:
1. inferior gluteal L5-S2

22
Q

Tensor fascia Latte

A

Origin:
1. anterior iliac crest

Insertion:
1. Anterior aspect of iliotibial tract

Action:
1. Flexes hip
2. abducts the hip
3. IR hip
4. Stabilizes knee in extension

Innervation:
1. superior gluteal L4-S1

23
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin:
1. anterior sacrum

Insertion:
1. Greater trochanter

Action:
1. lateral hip rotation

Innervation:
1. S1, S2

24
Q

Gemellus Superior

A

Origin:
1. Ischial spine
​
Insertion:
1. Greater trochanter
​
Action:
1. lateral hip rotation
​
Innervation:
1. Nerve to obturator interns L5-S2

25
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Origin:
1. Medial surface of obturator membrane
​
Insertion:
1. Greater trochanter
​
Action:
1. lateral hip rotation
​
Innervation:
1. Nerve to obturator interns L5-S2

26
Q

Gemellus Inferior

A

Origin:
1. ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
1. Greater Trochanter

Action:
1. lateral hip rotation

Innervation:
1. Nerve to quadrates femoris L4-S1

27
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

Origin:
1. ischium

Insertion:
1. intertrochanteric crest of the femur

Action:
1. lateral hip rotation

Innervation:
1. Nerve to quadrates femoris L4-S1

28
Q

Blood Supply in this region

A
  • Common iliac artery
  • internal iliac artery and external iliac artery
  • femoral artery
29
Q

What supplies the femoral head

A
  • lateral circumflex artery medial cicumflex femoral artery
  • obturator artery
30
Q

Deep back ligaments

A
  • ligamentum flavum: between the lamina
  • posterior longitudinal: vertebral bodies
  • anterior longitudinal: vertebral bodies
  • interspinous ligament: between Spinous process
  • supraspinous: above spinous process
31
Q

Suboccipital triangle anatomy

A
  • rectus capitis posteriror major
  • rectus capitis posterior minor
  • obliquus capitis superior
  • obliquus capitis inferior

Contents:

  • vertebral artery
  • suboccipital nerve C1

Runs over top

  • greater occiptial nerve C2
32
Q

Subocciptial Ligaments

A

nuchal ligaments
alar ligaments
transverse ligament

33
Q

Gluteal Region nerves that enter through the greater sciatic forearm

A
  • superior gluteal nerve L4-S1
  • inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
  • sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
  • Nerve to quadratus Femoris (L4-S1)
  • Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
34
Q

Gluteal region that enter through the lesser sciatic foramen

A
  • Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
  • Pudendal Nerve S2-S4
35
Q

Suboccipital Nerves

A

Suboccipital nerve C1 (motor and goes through triangle)

Greater occipital nerve C2 (sensory and goes under oblique capitus inferior

36
Q

Sciatic nerve entrapment/piriformis syndrome

Causes

A
  • muscle spasm in the piriformis muscle
  • irritation in the muscule
  • irritation in nearby structures such as the sacroiliac joint or hip
  • tightening of the piriformis in response to injury or spasms
  • swelling of the piriformis muscle
  • sciatic nerve piercing the piriformis
  • sciatic nerve passing superior to the piriformis
37
Q

Piriformis syndrome

A
  • Pain in the buttocks and down the leg
  • chronic pain in the buttock and hip area
  • pain when getting out of bed
  • inability to sit for a prolonged time
  • pain in the buttocks that is worsened by hip movements
38
Q

Common referral pattern

sciatica

A
  • characteristic pain in the buttocks that run down the leg
  • shooting
  • burning
  • aching down
  • numbness
  • tingling
  • occurs with movement or in sitting
  • can extend lower over the proximal two thirds of the posterior thigh
  • can be mistaken for superior hamstring or medial hamstring pain
39
Q

Hip OA

A
  • gradual erosion of cartilage which causes joint pain stiffness
  • most common cause of hip pain in older adults
  • diagnosis: moderate anterior/lateral pain in weight bearing, morning stiffness less than 1 hour after waking up hip internal rotation <24º and or flexion <15º
  • physical examination: leg length discrpenancy, antalgic gait and trendelenburg gait
40
Q

Forward head posture

A
  • shortening of posterior cerivcal extensor muscles and tightening of anterior cervical muscles
  • the weight of the head is maintained in fron of the line of gravity which then increases the flexion moment on spine
41
Q
A

Human Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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