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Human Anatomy 2 > Pectoral, Axilla Region and Brachial plexus > Flashcards

Pectoral, Axilla Region and Brachial plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Deltopectoral triangle

A
  • Clavicle is superior border
  • pectoralis major
  • deltoid (anterior head)
  • Contents: cephalic vein
    *cephalic vein drains into the subclavian
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2
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin:
1. clavicular head: medial 1/2 of the clavicle
3. sternal end: sternum and coastal cartilages of ribs 1-7

Insertion:
1. lateral lip of the intertubercular groove

Action:
1. medially rotates the arm
2. flexes the arm
3. adducts the arm
4. sternal end will extend the arm when coming from flexion

Innervation:
1. lateral pectoral nerve C5-C7 (clavicular)
2. medial pectoral nerve C8-T1 (sternal)

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3
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Origin:
1. ribs 3-5

Insertion:
1. coracoid process

Action:
1. protracts the scapula
2. downward rotation of the scapula

Innervation:
1. medial pectoral nerve C8, T1

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4
Q

Subclavian

A

Origin:
1. medial first rib

Insertion:
1. medial 1/3 of clavicle

Action:
1.stabilize the SC joint

Innervation:
1. nerve to subclavian C5,C6

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5
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin:
1. Ribs 1-8/9 (lateral surfaces)

Insertion:
1. medial boarder of the scapula

Actions:
1. upwardly/laterally rotates the scapula
2. protracts the scapula

Innervation
1. long thoracic nerve C5-C7

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6
Q

Lateral Pectoral nerve

A
  • innervates pectoralis major at clavicular part
  • C5-C7
  • comes off the lateral cord of brachial plexus
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7
Q

Medial Pectoral Nerve

A
  • medial cord
  • pierces pectoralis minor and then enters sternal part of pec major
  • innervates pec major and minor
  • C8-T1
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8
Q

Axilla

A

Borders:
- base: skin of armpit
- Anterior wall: Pec major, pec minor, clavipectoral fascia
- Posterior wall: teres major, latissmius dorsi, subscapularis
- Medial wall: thoracic wall, serratus anterior
- lateral wall: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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9
Q

Long thoracic nerve

A
  • C5-C7
  • innervates serratus anterior on SUPERFICIAL surface
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10
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin:
- subscapular fossa

Insertion:
- lesser tubercle

Action:
- IR of humerus

Innervation:
- Upper Subscapular nerve C5-C6
- Lower subscapular nerve C5-C6

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11
Q

Axillary Sheath

A
  • surrounds axillary artery, axillary vein and compoenets of brachial plexus
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12
Q

Brachial plexus parts

A
  • roots
  • Trunks
  • Divisions
  • Cords
  • Branches
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13
Q

Roots

Name them and their location, injury

A
  • C5-T1
  • located between anterior and middle scalene
  • can get compressed between the scalenes
  • can get injured with compression or extreme tesnile forces
  • if scalenes become hypertrophied than they can get compressed
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14
Q

brachial plexus

Trunks

where are they and where can they get injured

A
  • Superior, middle, inferior
  • suprascapular and N. to subclavian come off superior trunk
  • located over 1st rib
  • can get compressed between 1st rib and clavicle
  • some people have a long TP off C7 or an elevated 1st rib
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15
Q

Divisions

A
  • Each trunk splits into an anterior and posterior division of each trunk
  • rounded shoulders or a fx clavicle can cause irriation
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16
Q

Cords

A
  • Lateral, posterior, medial
  • located in superiro axilla
  • named for relationship to axillary artery
17
Q

Branches off the lateral cord

A
  • Lateral pectoral nerve C5-C7
  • Musculocutaneous C5-C6: pierces coracobrachialis
  • part of median
18
Q

Branches from the posterior cord

A
  • Upper subscapular: C5, C7
  • Lower subscapular C5, C7
  • thoracodorsal C6-C8
  • radial C5-T1
  • Axillary: C5-C6
19
Q

Branches of the Medial Cord

A
  • medial pectoral C8-T1
  • Medial cutaneous T1
  • Part of median
  • Ulnar
20
Q

Brachial plexus entrapments

A
  • above clavicle: scalene triangle
  • Below clavicle: costoclavicular space, under pec minor
  • Causes: trauma, repetitive stress injury
  • Symptoms: pain, numbness/tingling, weakness
21
Q

Erbs Palsy

A
  • Injury to the brachial plexus
  • C5-C6 upper trunks, assoicated divisions, cords, and axillary suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerves
  • waiter’s tip hand
22
Q

Erbs palsy causes

A
  • traction on the neck during difficult childbirth
  • breech delivery
  • vacuum/forceps delivery
  • C-section
  • mutipara mother (multiple births)
  • maternal obesity, diabetes
23
Q

Erbs Palsy PT

A
  • depending on severity can slowly resolve or require surgery and rehabd (10% dont recover a functional arm)
  • PT: ROM, Stretching, Strengthening, Sensory stimulation
24
Q

Medical Imaging: erbs palsy

A
  • drooping atrophic shoulder due to loss of deltoid and RTC
  • glenoid dysplasia due to improper development from not using the limb
  • Small, irregular, displaced humeral head
25
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A
  • compression of the brachial plexus (neurovascular bundle) in the interscalene triangle, costoclavicular, or pec minor
26
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome: brachial plexus involvment

presentation

A
  • Neuro symptoms are more common
  • Paresthesia
  • pain
  • weakness
27
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome: subclavian vein

A
  • second most common but only 4%
  • venous distention
  • edema
  • cyanosis
  • pain with activity
28
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome: subclavian artery

A
  • 1% of patients (least common)
  • coolness
  • pallor
  • diminished pulse
  • pain with activity
29
Q

PT diagnostic tools for ACJ separated shoulder

A
  • Painful arc >140º
  • step off deformity
  • ACJ manural joint mobility tests (laxity/instability) - mobs
  • Horizontal adduction (+) test pain
  • Shear test o ACJ (+) test pain
  • O’briens test - If test (+) and pain reported as superficial pain (spreads ACJ but alo puts LH biceps under tension)

Human Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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