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Human Anatomy 2 > Neck and Foot > Flashcards

Neck and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis (foot)

A

Origin:
1. superolateral calcaneus

Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx of great toe
2. EDL tendons, toes 2-4

Action:
1. Extends toes 2-4

Innervation:
1. deep perineal (fibular) S1, S2

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2
Q

Abductor Hallicus (foot)

A

Origin:
1. medial calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Action:
1. Abducts, flexes 1st MTP

Innervation:
1. medial plantar S2,S3

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3
Q

Flexor Digitorum Bervis (foot)

A

Origin:
1. medial calcaneal tuberosity
2. Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion:
1. middle phalanges 2-5 (bifurcate)

Action:
1. flexes PIP joint lateral 4 toes

Innervation:
1. medial plantar S2, S3

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4
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi (foot)

A

Origin:
1. calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx of toe #5

Action:
1. abducts 5th toe

Innervation:
1. lateral plantar S2,S3

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5
Q

Lumbricals of the foot

A

Origin:
1. tendon of flexor digitorum longus (foot)

Insertion:
1. extensor expansion lateral 4 toes (run medially)

Action:
1. flexes MTP
2. extends IP joints of toes 2-5

Innervation:
1. 1st: medial plantar S2,S3
2. 2nd, 3rd, 4th lateral plantar S2,S3

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6
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

Origin:
1. medial calcaneus
2. lateral calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion:
1. lateral side of Flexor digitorum longus tendon in proximal foot

Action:
1. Flexes lateral toes

Innervation:
1. lateral plantar S1-S3

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7
Q

Adductor hallucis

A

Origin:
1. transverse head: plantar MTP ligaments of lateral 3 toes
2. oblique head: bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals

Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx 1st toe

Action:
1. Adducts 1st toe

Innervation:
1. lateral plantar S2,S3

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8
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (foot)

A

Origin:
1. Base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion:
1. base of proximal phalanx 5th toe

Action:
1. Flexes 5th MTP joint

Innervation:
1. lateral plantar S2, S3

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9
Q

Flexo Hallucis Brevis

A

Origin:
1. lateral head: cuboid
2. medial head: tendon of tibialis posterior

Insertion:
1. lateral and medial sides of proximal phalanx of great toe

Action:
1. Flexes 1st MTP joint

Innervation:
1. medial plantar nerve S1, S2

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10
Q

Dorsal/plantar interrossei of the foot

A

Origin:
1. Sides of metatarsals

Insertion
1. extensor expansions

Action:
1. abduct toes 2-4 (dorsal)
2. adduct toes 3-5 (plantar)

Innervation:
1. All = lateral plantar S2-S3
2. 1st and 2nd: also deep perneal

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11
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin:
1. sternal head: manubrium
2. clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle

Insertion:
1. lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line
2. mastoid process

Action:
1. unilateral: ipsilateral neck lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
2. bilateral: draw head forward

Innervation:
1. accessory CN XI
2. Anterior rami of C2, C3

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12
Q

Stylohyoid

A

origin:
1. styloid process

Insertion:
1. hyoid

Action:
1. elevate the hyoid of swallowing

Innervation:
1. cranial nerves

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13
Q

Diagastric

A

Origin:
1. anterior belly - inside of mandible
2. posterior belly: mastoid process

Insertion:
1. hyoid (held on by sling of CT)

Action:
1. elevate the hyoid of swallowing

Innervation:
1. cranial nerves

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14
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Origin:
1. mandible

Insertion:
1. hyoid

Action:
1. elevate the hyoid of swallowing

Innervation:
1. cranial nerves

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15
Q

Geniohyoid

A

origin:
1. inner surface of mandible

Insertion:
1. hyoid

Action:
1. elevate the hyoid of swallowing

Innervation:
1. cranial nerves

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16
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Origin:
1. posterior S-C joint
2. manubrium

Insertion:
1. hyoid

Action:
1. depress hyoid

Innervation:
1. ventral rami C1-C3

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17
Q

Omohyoid

A

Origin:
1. Superior border of scapula
2. medial to supra scapular notch

Insertion:
1. hyoid

Action:
1. depress hyoid

Innervation:
1. ventraal rami C1-C3

18
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Origin:
1. manubrium

Insertion:
1. thyroid cartilage

Action:
1. depress hyoid

Innervation:
1. ventraal rami C1-C3

19
Q

Thryohyoid

A

Origin:
1. thyroid cartilage

Insertion:
1. hyoid

Action:
1. depress hyoid

Innervation:
1. ventraal rami C1-C3

20
Q

Scalenes

A

Origin:
1. Cervical TP

Insertion:
1. 1 or 2 rib

Action:
1. elevates 1st o 2nd rib (accessory breathing)

Innervation:
1. anterior rami of cervical nerves

21
Q

Prevertebral muscles
- name them
- action
- innervation

A
  • longus capties
  • longus colli
  • rectus capitis anterior
  • rectus capitis lateralis

action:
1. flex the head

Innervation:
1. cervical spinal roots

22
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A
  • stylohyoid
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
23
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • sternothryoid
  • thyrohyoid
24
Q

Anterior triangle

A

borders:

  • SCM
  • mandible
  • midline

Contents:

  • common carotid
25
Posterior triangle of the neck
borders: - SCM - clavicle - trap Contents: - scalenes - brachial plexus
26
Congential muscular torticollis
- contraction o fibrosis of SCM - etiology rermains unknown; possible ischemia, birth tauma, intrauterine position - may have bony changes but mostly just soft tissue - right sided torticollis = side bent right and rotated left
27
# Congential muscular torticollis PT intervention
- Neck PROM - Neck and trunk AROM - development of symmetrical movement - environmental adaptations - parent/caregive education - *may need to put toys so that babay looks other way/football stretch*
28
# Congential muscular torrticollis DC pt when these 5 things are met
- PROM within 5º of the non-affected side - symmetrical active movement patterns - age appopiate motor development - no visable head tilt - the parents/caregivers understand what to monitor as the child grows ## Footnote need to reassess child 3-12 months after DC of PT
29
Plantar nerves of the foot
medial cutaneous: - cutaneous to medial plantar heel Medial plantar: - cutaneous: medial plantar 3 medial toes and 1/2 of 4th toe - motor: 1st lumbrical, FHB, Abductor hallucis, FDB Lateral plantar - cutaneous: lateral plantar surface lateral 1/2 of 4th toe and little tow - motor: abducot digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, 2-4 lumbricals, adducto hallucis, FDMB, dorsal and planatar interossei
30
Dorsal nerves of the foot
Superficial peroneal nerve - cutaneous to dosum of foot Deep peroneal: - cutaneous between 1st and 2 digit - motor: Extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitoum brevis Saphenous nerve - cutaneous to medial foot and leg
31
# Nerve entrapment: Morton's neuroma
- most common location between 3d and 4th MT heads - compression/entrapment of a nerve
32
# Mortons neuroma causes
- micrrotrauma to intermetatarsal plantar digital nerves - compression between deep transverse MT ligament and plantar soft tissue stuctuers - women more common - shoe wear
33
# morton's neuroma treatment
- coticosteriod injections and manipulation/mobilization have strong evidence - neurolysis - neuroectomy
34
# blood supply to the foot
- posterior tibial artery: lateral plantar and medial plantara - anterior tibial artery: dorsalis pedis ends in 1st intermetatarsal space and becomes deep plantar
35
turf toe
- sprain of ligaments and capsule of 1st MTP joint - prognosis: good depends on degree of sprain (3days-6weeks recovery/rest)
36
# turf toe what other possible injuries
- collateral ligament sprain/tear - tendon sprain/tearr - osteochondral injury - dipartite sesmoid diastasis - sesamoid and metatarsal factures - capsular instability
37
Presentation of turf toe
- antalgic gait - increased supination - antalgic gait to pain at first toe with push off - hypermobility ot MTP - inability to ambulate distances of 1 mile seconday to pain
38
# differential diagnosis of turf toe
- dislocation of the MTP - halluc valgus - sesamoiditis - halluc rigidus - gout - osteochondrodtic lesion of the first MT head - osteochondritis dissecans - metatarsalgia - metatarsal stress fracture
39
# interventions turf toe
- rest - taping to stabilize and limiti extension - cast shoe - orthotics with firm extension to the toe to limit toe ROM until pain has resolved - donut pad to offload pressure on the sesamoid - address, swelling, pain, mobility strength
40
Plantar fascitis | interventions
Strongly recommended: - manual therapy - stretching - taping - night splints Moderate: - low level laser in comibination with otherrs - lifestyle modifcations for weight loss - ther ex and neuromuscular re-education - dry needling

Human Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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