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Human Anatomy 2 > Forearm and Wrist > Flashcards

Forearm and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion:
1. olecranon process
2. posterior proximal ulna

Action:
1. abducts ulna during pronation (allows for pronation)
2. assists with elbow extension

innervation
1. radial nerve C6-C8

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2
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin:
1. lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

Insertion:
1. lateral/distal side of the radius

Action:
1. flexes the elbow, when forearm is in mid-pronation

Innervation:
1. Radial nerve C5,C6

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3
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis longus

A

origin:
1. lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion:
1. base of 2nd metacarpal

Action:
1. extends wrist
2. radial deviation (abducts the wrist)

Innervation:
1. radial C6,C7

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4
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:
1. base of 3rd metacarpal

Action:
1. extends wrist
2. abducts wrist (radial deviation)

Innervation: radial (deep branch C7,C8)

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5
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:
1. bases of middle and distal phalanges of finger 2-5 via extensor hoods

Action:
1. extends fingers 2-5

Inneravtion:
1. Posterior interosseous C7,C8

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6
Q

Extesnor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin:
1. lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion:
1. extensor expansion of finger 5

Action:
1. extends finger 5

Innervation
1. posterior interosseous C7,C8

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7
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

origin
1. lateral epicondyle of humerus/common extensor tendon

Insertion:
1. base of 5th metacarpal

Action:
1. extends wrist
2. adducts wrist

Innervation:
1. posterior interosseous C7,C8

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8
Q

Supinator

A

Origin:
1. superficial head: lateral epicondyle of humerus/anular ligament
2. deep head: supinator crest (posterolateral ulna)

Insertion:
1. proximal radius

Action
1. supinates forearm

Innervation
1. radial (deep branch)
C6,C7

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9
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

origin:
1. posterior radius
2. mid-portion of posterolateral ulna

Insertion
1. base of metacarpal 1

actions:
1. abducts the thumb at carpometacarpal joint (CMC)
2. helps with thumb extension

Innervation:
1 posterior interosseous nerve C7,C8

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10
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

Origin:
1. posterior ulna

Insertion
1. extensor hood of index finger

Action
1. exntends 2nd finger

Innervation
1. psterior interosseous C7,C8

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11
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin:
1. posterior radius

Insertion:
1. base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Action:
1. extends the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint
2. assists with 1st CMC extension

innervation:
1. posterior interosseous nerve C7,C8

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12
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin:
1. Posterior ulna

Insertion:
1. base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Action:
1. extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint (IP)
2. assists with extension of CMC and MCP

innervation:
1. posterior interosseous nerve C7,C8

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13
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Origin:
1. Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus, medial supracondrylar ridge
2. ulnar head: medial side coronoid process of ulna

Insertion:
1. lateral side shaft of the radius

Action:
1. pronates the forearm

innervation: median nerve C6,C7

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14
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Origin:
1. medial epicondyle of the humerus
​
Insertion:
1. base of the second and third metacarpals
​
Action:
1. flexes the wrist,
2. abducts the hand (radial deviation)
​
innervation:
1. median nerve C6,C7

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15
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Origin:
1. medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion:
1. palmar aponeurosis (thick layer of deep fasic to keep skin on palm)

Action:
1. flexes the wrist (weak)

innervation:
1. median nerve C7,C8

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16
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Origin:
1. humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
2. ulanr head: olecranon process and posterior border of ulna

Insertion:
1. pisiform
2. hamate
3. base of 5th metacarpal

Action:
1. flexes wrist,
2. adducts hand

innervation:
1. ulnar nerve C7,C8,T1

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17
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Origin:
1. humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
2. radial head: oblique line of radius

Insertion:
1. four tendons that bifurcate to attach to palmar surfaces of middle phalanges of medial four fingers

Action:
1. flexes the PIP joints of fingers 2-5

innervation: median Nerve C8-T1

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18
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Origin:
1. anterior/medial ulna
2. interosseous membrane

Insertion:
1. 4 tendons attach to palmar surface of distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 (pass through the split)

Action:
1. flexes the DIP joint of finger 2-5

innervation:
1. median nerve (radial one-half);
2. ulnar nerve (ulnar one-half)
C8,T1

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19
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin:
1. anterior surface of radius
2. interosseous membrane

Insertion:
1. base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (palmar side)

Action:
1. flexes the interphalangeal joints of the thumb

innervation:
1. median nerve C7,C8

20
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Origin:
1. distal anterior surface the ulna

Insertion:
1. distal anterior surface of the radius

Action:
1. pronates the forearm

innervation:
1. median nerve C7,C8

21
Q

Anatomical Snuff Box

A

Boarders:

  1. abductor pollicis longus
  2. extensor pollicis brevis
  3. Extensor pollicis longus

Contents:
1. Radial artery
2. scaphoid

22
Q

Radial nerve supplies (in forearm)

A

Sensory:
- back of arm
- posterior forearm
- posterior hand

Motor:
- brachioradialis
- anconeus
- ECRL
- ECRB
- supinator

23
Q

Radial Nerve Course in the forearm

A
  • enters by the lateral epiondyle
  • bifurcates into superficial and deep
  • superficial becomes sensory
  • deep pierces the supinaotr heads and becomes posterior interosseous
24
Q

Radial Nerve entrapements

A

Between supinator heads:

  • lose thumb intriniscs and ECU
  • no wrist drop but may have RD
  • no sensory deficits

Radial tunnel (between brachioradilias and brachilis)

  • also if lateral epicondyle is fx
  • spared: only supinator and brachioradialis
  • wrist drop will occur since motor loss will occur below ECRL
  • sensory below entrapment

may need a brace to reduce active insufficiency

25
Q

Posterior interosseous nerve

A
  • APL
  • EPB
  • EPL
  • Extesnor indicis
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extesnor ulnaris
  • extesnor digitorum
26
Q

Median nerve Supplies

A
  • Pronator teres
  • FCR
  • palmaris longus
  • FDS
  • 1/2 FDP
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus
  • sensory to the lateral hand (thumb to 1/2 ring)
27
Q

Median nerve entrapment

A

Carpal tunnel
- lose thenar and 1st two lumbricals
- sensory lose in the tips of thumb, index, middle and 1/2 ring
- snesory is spared in palm

Tests: phalens and reverse phalens
Ape hand deformity with median nerve issues

28
Q

Ulnar nerve supplies

A
  • FCU
  • medial 1/2 FDP
29
Q

Course of ulnar nerve

A
  • comes into forearm from cubital tunnel
  • pierces through FCU heads
  • travels down the medial side of anterior compartment
30
Q

Ulnar nerve entrapment

A
  • between heads of FCU
  • motor loss: all motor innervation in forearm and hand
  • sensory: 1/2 ring adn pinky side of hand
  • special tests: froment’s sig, ADM, wartenberg
31
Q

Vascular structures in the forearm and wrist

A
  • brachial artery from the arm splits into the raidl and ulnar artery
  • ulnar artery: anterior ulnar recurrent artery, common interosseous artery and anterior interosseous artery
  • radial artery: posterior interosseous artery, radial recurrent artery

Ulnar side of forearm: median cubtial veins, medial antecubtial vein, basilic vein

Radial side of forearm:
- cephalic vein, superficial veins of forearm

32
Q

Dinner fork deformity

A
  • recults from a colles fracture of distal radius
  • malaligned healing
  • distal fragment dorsally displaced
  • commonly from FOOSH injry with wrist in extension
33
Q

Symptoms of Dinner fork deformity/colles fx

A
  • pain/tenderness with palpation
  • edema
  • bruising
  • decrease ROM
34
Q

Dx of dinner fork deformity

A
  • imaging will indicate severity
  • visual inspection
35
Q

Special conisderation with

Dinner fork deformity

A
  • may be externally fixed = risk of infection
  • populations that may be more susceptible = eldery (osteoporosis), athletes
  • healing time 6-8 weeks or longer
  • primary bony healing (ORIF)
36
Q

Dinner fork deformity

treatment

A
  • surgery/casting
  • mobility of other joints
  • mobs - pain relief initially and then for motion
  • stretching: AROM/PROM
  • strengthening
37
Q

Scaphoid fracture

A
  • the potential result of FOOSH with radial deviation adn wrist extension
38
Q

Scaphoid fracture

factors impacting prognosis

A
  • location of the fx on scaphoid
  • blood supply = has it been disrupted
  • other medical conditions/nutrition/lifestyle
39
Q

Scaphoid fracture

further complications

A
  • malunion/nonunion
  • OA
  • acute compartment syndrome
40
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

capral tunnel syndrome occurs when there is a compression of the median nerve uder the flexor sheath of the flexor retinaculum

41
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Symptoms

A
  • numbness and tingling in median distrubtion of hand besides palm
  • muscle weakness of the thenars and 1st two lumbicals
42
Q

Carpal tunnel

Diagnosis and treatment

A
  • NCS/EMG

Surgery:

  • endoscopic or open

Nonsurgical:

  • wrist splinting
  • NSAIDs
  • corticosteriod
  • adjusting desk set up
43
Q

Referred symptoms in the forearm

A
  • Heart: MI symptoms can be felt here
  • CRPS: injury in one area goes on to effect an entire limb
  • radicular symptoms
44
Q

Soft tissue sarcoma

symptoms

A
  • symptoms can include
  • nocticable lump or swelling
  • can also be painful if it grows as it can apply pressure on muscles and nerves
45
Q

Ganglion cyst

A
  • also called bible cyst
  • can cause pain if it is compressiong enough structures or the wrist undergoes repetitive movement
  • most common = dorsum of wrist

Human Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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