Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards
Biceps Femoris
Origin:
1. Long head: ischial Tuberosity
2. Short Head: lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion:
1. head of fibula
Action:
1. Knee flexion
2. Lateral rotation
3. Hip extension (long head)
Innervation:
1. Short head: common peroneal nerve L5-S2
2. Long head: tibial Nerve L5-S2
Semimembranosus
Origin:
1. Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion:
1. posterior medial tibial condyle
Action:
1. knee Flexion
2. Hip extension
3. knee medial rotation
4. hip medial rotation
Innervation
1. Tibial L5-S2
Semitendinosus
Origin:
1. ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
1. Pes Anserinus
Action:
1. Hip medial rotation
2. knee medial rotation
3. knee flexion
4. hip extension
Innervation:
1. Tibial L5-S2
Pes Anserinus
- sartorius
- Gracilis
- Semitendinosus
Popliteal Fossa
Border:
- Semimembranosus/semitendinosus
- biceps femoris
- medial head gastrocneumis
- lateral head gastrocnemius
Contents:
- popliteal artery
- popliteal vein
- tibial nerve
- common fibular/peroneal nerve
Sciatic nerve
- L4-S3
- anterior and posterior division of sacral plexus
- emerges into the posterior leg through the greater sciatic foramen
Common Peroneal N
- L4-S2
- posterior division of sacral plexus
- innervates short head of biceps femoris
Tibial Nerve
- L4-S3
- Anterior division of sacral pleuxus
- descends through popliteal fossa deep to the soleus
Posterior femoral cutaneous
- S1-S3
- sensory innervation to posterior thigh and buttock
Nerve Entrapment
Hamstring Syndrome
- sciatic nerve compression between 2 of the 3 hamistring muscles
- more common in individuals that play sports involving running, jumping, and kicking
- causes pain to hip and buttock
- sometimes causes paresthesia down back of leg
Nerve Entrapments
Tibial Nerve entrapment
- nerve gets entrapped by the insertion sit of the soleus
- hypertrophy or swelling of the soleus muscle
- severe pain and tenderness present in the popliteal fossa
- can cause symptoms similar to S1 Radiculopathy
Referral patterns in the posterior thigh
- Common causes: trigger points, lumbar spine S1-S2
- visceral structures: lower GI, bladder, kidney, uterus
Slump test
- pt is seated with slumped posture and puts chin to chest with Over pressure
- pt actively extends one knee
- active DF with over pressure
- pt slowly releases neck flexion
- This test is performed to differentiate if posterior thigh pain is due to neurological structures of the spine or a hamstring injury
Hamstring length test
- 90/90
- SLR
- WIth SLR therapist can dorsiflex them and invert and evert to distinguisg muscles
Hamstring Strain
- extremely common with athletes
- 12% of all injuries in soccer league
- 180 hamstring injuries across 30 NFL teams each year
- type 1 and type 2