Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Origin:
1. Long head: ischial Tuberosity
2. Short Head: lateral lip of linea aspera

Insertion:
1. head of fibula

Action:
1. Knee flexion
2. Lateral rotation
3. Hip extension (long head)

Innervation:
1. Short head: common peroneal nerve L5-S2
2. Long head: tibial Nerve L5-S2

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2
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin:
1. Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion:
1. posterior medial tibial condyle

Action:
1. knee Flexion
2. Hip extension
3. knee medial rotation
4. hip medial rotation

Innervation
1. Tibial L5-S2

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3
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin:
1. ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
1. Pes Anserinus

Action:
1. Hip medial rotation
2. knee medial rotation
3. knee flexion
4. hip extension

Innervation:
1. Tibial L5-S2

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4
Q

Pes Anserinus

A
  • sartorius
  • Gracilis
  • Semitendinosus
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5
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A

Border:

  • Semimembranosus/semitendinosus
  • biceps femoris
  • medial head gastrocneumis
  • lateral head gastrocnemius

Contents:

  • popliteal artery
  • popliteal vein
  • tibial nerve
  • common fibular/peroneal nerve
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6
Q

Sciatic nerve

A
  • L4-S3
  • anterior and posterior division of sacral plexus
  • emerges into the posterior leg through the greater sciatic foramen
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7
Q

Common Peroneal N

A
  • L4-S2
  • posterior division of sacral plexus
  • innervates short head of biceps femoris
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8
Q

Tibial Nerve

A
  • L4-S3
  • Anterior division of sacral pleuxus
  • descends through popliteal fossa deep to the soleus
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9
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous

A
  • S1-S3
  • sensory innervation to posterior thigh and buttock
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10
Q

Nerve Entrapment

Hamstring Syndrome

A
  • sciatic nerve compression between 2 of the 3 hamistring muscles
  • more common in individuals that play sports involving running, jumping, and kicking
  • causes pain to hip and buttock
  • sometimes causes paresthesia down back of leg
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11
Q

Nerve Entrapments

Tibial Nerve entrapment

A
  • nerve gets entrapped by the insertion sit of the soleus
  • hypertrophy or swelling of the soleus muscle
  • severe pain and tenderness present in the popliteal fossa
  • can cause symptoms similar to S1 Radiculopathy
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12
Q

Referral patterns in the posterior thigh

A
  • Common causes: trigger points, lumbar spine S1-S2
  • visceral structures: lower GI, bladder, kidney, uterus
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13
Q

Slump test

A
  • pt is seated with slumped posture and puts chin to chest with Over pressure
  • pt actively extends one knee
  • active DF with over pressure
  • pt slowly releases neck flexion
  • This test is performed to differentiate if posterior thigh pain is due to neurological structures of the spine or a hamstring injury
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14
Q

Hamstring length test

A
  • 90/90
  • SLR
  • WIth SLR therapist can dorsiflex them and invert and evert to distinguisg muscles
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15
Q

Hamstring Strain

A
  • extremely common with athletes
  • 12% of all injuries in soccer league
  • 180 hamstring injuries across 30 NFL teams each year
  • type 1 and type 2
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16
Q

Types of Hamstring strains

A
  • Type 1= sprinting/load related
  • type 2 = stretch related
17
Q

Hamstring strain

clinical presentation

A
  • difficulty running/walking
  • sudden onset
  • reduced stretch
  • bruising/tenderness
  • slump test is negative
18
Q

Hamstring strain

Treatment

A
  • acute: PRICE
  • subacute: stretching, strengthening
19
Q

Hamstring strain

Recovery

A
  • Depends on severity of strain
  • mild straing = approximately 18 days
20
Q

Piriformis syndrome

A
  • caused by compression of the piriformis muscle on the sciatic nerve which travels don the posterior leg
21
Q

Piriformis syndrome

causes and treatments

A

Causes:

  • hypertrophy
  • overuse
  • trauma
  • gender Women>men

Treatment:

  • gentle pain free stretching
  • STM
  • Ice/ice massage