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Parasitology > Superfamily Strongyloidea > Flashcards

Superfamily Strongyloidea Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general features of the superfamily strongyloidea?

A 
Contain corona radiata 
Some contain teeth
Contains well developed bursa
Contains direct life cycles 
Thin shell, many cells
Large buccal capsule 
Contain cephalic vesicle
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2
Q

Strongyloidea routes of tranmission?

A

Ingestion
Milk
Transcutaneously

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3
Q

What is the superfamily strongyloidea’s lifecycle?

A

Female lays eggs within host, eggs shed in faeces, L1- L3 in envirornment, L3 infective stage is ingested by host, moves to the site of infection –> hypobiosis / matures into adults and produces eggs.

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4
Q

Strongyloidea that infect horses

A

Known as large and small strongyles.

Strongylinae = large strongyles –> S. vulgaris, S. Edentatus, S. equinus

Triodontophorus

Cyanthostominae = small strongyles

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5
Q

Strongyloidea that infect ruminants

A

Chabertia ovina

Oesphagostomum spp.

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6
Q

Strongyloidea that infect pigs

A

Oesophagostomum spp.

Stephanurus dentatus

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7
Q

Strongyloidea that infects birds

A

Syngamus trachea

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8
Q

What are the main features of Strongylus vulgaris

A

Infects horses, very large buccal capsule, leaf crown, 2 rounded teeth, dorsal gutter

Adults located in the large intestine, caecum and colon
Larvae located in the cranial mesenteric artery –> cause major pathology.

L4 stage once in the intestine, burrow through the mucosa and enter into the submucosal arteries and migrate against the bloodflow to the cranial mesenteric artery. Spend 3-4 months in this artery before molting to L5, then return to intestine generating a nodule which ruptures. Feeds on blood and mucous

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9
Q

What is the parasites that contain 2 rounded teeth within horses?

A

Strongylus vulgaris (Large strongyle)

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10
Q

What is the larval parasite which is located in the cranial mesenteric artery and adult stage within the L intestine

A

Strongylus vulgaris (large strongyle)

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11
Q

What are the main features of Stronglyus Edentus?

A

Very large buccal capsule, no teeth, 2 leaf crown, contains dorsal gutter

Adults located in large intestine
Larvae (L3) invade the intestinal submucosa and reace the liver via the hepatic portal system. Moult to L4 within the liver and generate nodules. Travel back to intestine underneath the liver capsule to the tissues in the right flank, then move to the wall of the intestine. Generate more nodules before moving into the intestine and molting to adults.

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12
Q

Which species of large strongyle larvae travels from the intestine to the liver, to the right flank, back to the liver?

A

Strongylus edentus

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13
Q

Which species of horse stronglyus does not contain teeth?

A

Strongylus edentus

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14
Q

What are the main features of strongylus equinus?

A

Large buccal capsule, Contains three sharp teeth, dorsal tooth is the largest, contains dorsal gutter and leaf crown.

Adults located in large intestine
Larvae (L3) invade the caecum and colon and form nodules, molt to L4 within the nodules and migrate to the liver for 6+ weeks. Then migrate to the pancreas and back to the intestine. Mature into adults. Eggs shed in faeces. (eggs thin shelled, many celled)

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15
Q

Which horse stongylus contains 3 sharp teeth?

A

Strongylus Equinus (large strongyle)

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16
Q

Which strongylus larvae migrates to the ceacum and colon, then the liver, then pacreas and back to the large intestine?

A

Strongus Equinus (large strongyle)

17
Q

What are the main features of the Genus Triodontophorus? Give a species example

A

Triodontophorous tenuciollis

Located in the caecum and colon of the horse. Feed in groups and cause ulceration. Larval stages form the nodules. L3 move into the wall of the caecum and colon to mature, L4 enter into the lumen

Contain large buccal capsule with three teeth and has an oral collar sound the mouth.

18
Q

What are the main features of the subfamily cyanthostominae (small strongyles)?

A

Are in horses, more than 50+ species, have evolved and developed resistance.

Red in colour, short buccal capsule, located mainly in caecum and colon. Feed on mucosa

19
Q

Which factors affect development within the small strongyles within Strongyloidea?

A

Can move into hypobiosis = common.

Determined by environmental conditions, seasons, population of parasites in GIT, immune response.

Factors that trigger the resumption of larval development is the season, antihelmithic treatment, immunosuppression

20
Q

What is the lifecycle of small strongyles?

A

Similar to large strongyles - location difference

Eggs are typical strongylida eggs, shed in environment, L1 to L3 in environment. L3 is the infective stage where it is ingested by horses. L3 exsheath and enter the crypts of liberkuhn within the caecum and colon. Cyst formation around the glands and will surround larvae in groups.

Will either molt to L4 and emerge from nodules or undergo hypobiosis in nodules for many months which causes major pathology. Have synchronised emergence and cause death.

21
Q

What types of worms infect horses and are within the Crypts of Liberkuhn in the caecum / colon?

A

Small strongyles

22
Q

Which parasites have small buccal capsules and infect horses?

A

Small strongyles

23
Q

What are the main features of Chabertia ovina? Which species do they infect and what is their lifecycle?

A

Located within the large intestine of sheep and goats (sometimes cattle).

Buccal capsule is rotated and is very large. No teeth, have corona radiata. Have a well developed bursa. Within females, they have a bent posterior end.

Similar lifecycle to other strongyloidea species. L3 infective stage is ingested, is infegested and enter into the mucosa of the small intestine. Molt to L4 before migrating to the lumen and large intestine where they mature and feed on the mucosa –> causes hemorrhage.

24
Q

What are the main features of Genus Oesophagostomum?

A

Located within the large intestine. Hosts are ruminants and pigs. Eggs have wide poles but are thin shelled, many cells.

Generate nodules within the large intestine –> pimples –> causes peritonitis

The parasite has a shallow buccal capsule, cephalic vesicle, mouth collar and a transverse groove at the level of the vesicle.

25
Q

What are two species within Oesophagostomum and what species do they infect?

A

O. columbainum –> large intestine for sheep, goats, cattle and pigs.

O. venulosum –> within the large intestine and infects sheep and goats.

O. radiatum –> within the large intestine and infects cattle only.

26
Q

What is the lifecycle of Oesophagosum species?

A

Eggs shed in faeces
L3 is the infective stage
Ingested via the pasture
Enter into the mucosa along any section of the intestine. Enclose within nodules where they molt to L4 and exit. Move into the lumen and the large intestine where they mature and produce eggs.

Within pigs (only enters into the large intestine for nodules)

27
Q

What are the main features of Stephanurus dentatus?

A

Host - pigs
Located in the perennial fats in cysts that are connected to the kidney. Larvae are located in the Liver and other organs.

Cuticle is transparent, buccle cappsule is thick and cupshaped. Contains leaf crown, bursa is small.

Eggs are passed in the urine. Can have Earthworms as an IH, L3 move and live in the parenchyma of liver for 3-9 months, before moving to the ureters where they mature and produce eggs

28
Q

What are the routes of infection in the species Stanphanurus dentatus?

A

Ingestion of L3
Infestion of earthworms containing L3
Transcutaneously

29
Q

What is the species of strongyloidea that infects pigs and is excreted in the urine?

A

Stephanurus dentatus

30
Q

What are the main features of Syngamus trachea species within strongyloidea?

A

Known as the gape worm. Located in the trachea of birds (turkey, fowl, phesants)
Feed on blood, males and females are always coupled in a Y shape.

Contain 8 teeth, no leaf crown, eggs are elongated and have an operculum. Thick shell, many cells.

31
Q

What is the lifecycle of the syngamus trachea parasite?

A

Attach to mucosa with the buccal capsule - within the larval stage they do not have definite male and female sexes. Gain gender as they go through sexual maturity within trachea and males attach to fenakes.

L1-3 are within the eggs. L3 out of the eggs are not very resistant. Can get in L3 paratenic hosts (earthworms, worms, slugs, snails.) and DH is infected via ingestion of paratenic host. Can also ingest the L3 eggs.

L3 travel from the liver to the lungs (portal system, pulmonary system, alveoli) then mature within trachea.

32
Q

Which parasite is coupled and has a Y shape?

A

Syngamus trachea

33
Q

Which parasite within Strongyloidea is located in the trachea of birds?

A

Syngamus trachea

34
Q

Which parasite is within ruminants and pigs that generate the ‘pimply’ intestinal nodules?

A

Oesophagostomum spp.

Parasitology (20 decks)

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