Order Enoplida Flashcards
What are the main features of Order Enoplida?
Anteror end more slender than posterior
Oesophagus is very slender tube tube with glandular cells
Males have one or no spicule
Eggs have polar plugs except for Trichinella species.
What are the main features of the Genus Trichinella?
Wide range of hosts
Zoonotic pathogen - most widespread
No exogenous stage
2 generations within same host –> adults in small intestine, larvae within muscles / SI
Consist of an encapsulated and non-encapsulated species.
Non-encapsulated difficult to detect
Most are not within Aus except for Trichinella pseudospiralis (in tasmania wildlife)
What are the main features of Trichinella spiralis?
adults located in the wall of the small intestine
Larvae located in the striated muscle and are encapsulated.
Infection occurs through ingestion of meat that contains the larvae of Trichinella
L1 released in the stomach, move to small intestine where they invade mucosa, adult females deposite larvae which move to blood vessels and end up in the striated muscle cells (called nurse cells) which then changes and loose their functioning as the larvae encapsulate. The Larvae can remain viable for the life of the host, the nurse cells eventually calcify. The most active muscles contain the highest percentage of larvae due to blood innervation (diaphragm and masseter m)
Cause death in humans
What are the main features of the Family Trichuridae, Genus Trichuris?
Anterior end is thin, posterior end is thick
Eggs are yellow / brown with mucous plugs - very resistant in the environment
Within caecum and colon
Anterior (thin) end is embedded within mucousa of caecum and colon and posterior end is hanging out
Infects mammals
Direct lifecycle.
Posterior end is coiled with one spicule
What are three species of Trichuris?
Trichuris suis - pigs
Turchuris vulpis - dogs
Trichuris ovis - ovine
What is the lifecycle of Trichuris vulpis?
Females lay eggs, shed in faeces, infective larvae develop in eggs.
Hosts become infected after ingestion of embryonated eggs
PPT = 70-100 days
What are the general features of Genus Capillaria?
Small, slender, capillary like parasites
Similar to Trichuris
Thin anterior and thick posterior - gradual change
Hosts - birds and mammals
located within the digestive, respiratory tracts, liver, bladder, etc. (Trichuris is only in LI)
Direct or Indirect lifecycle
What are the different Capillaria species in birds?
C. annulara
C. contorta
C. / Eucoleus aerophilus
C. / Pearsonema pilca
What are the general features of Capillaria annulata?
Within chicken, turkey and ducks located in oesophagus and crop Very small Bipolar plugs, thick shelled eggs IH = earthworms Thin part is within mucosa of oesophagus / crop
What are the main features of Capillaria contorta?
Within chicken, turkey and pheasants
Within oesophagus and crops
IH = earthworms
What are the main features of C. / Eucoleus aerophilus
Within dogs / cats / foxes Located in the trachea and bronchi Eggs contain bipolar plugs Direct / indirect lifecycle IH = earthworms
What are the main features of C / Pearsonema pilca?
Within dogs / cats / wolves
Located in urinary bladder
IH = earthworms
