super dick Flashcards
True/False: Agonists possess affinity only
FALSE- Antagonists possess affinity only
True/False: The 1st pass effect applies to drugs administered orally
TRUE
True/False: The uncharged form of a weak base with a pKa=8.2 would be most abundant at a pH=1.6
FALSE- A weak base will dissociate in an acidic solution and the charged form will dominate
True/False: The charged form of a weak acid with a pKa=4.3 would be most abundant at a pH=2.8
FALSE- A weak acid will not dissociate in an acidic solution and the uncharged form will dominate
True/False: If drug A is more potent than drug B, then drug B is more efficacious than drug A
FALSE
True/False: Pareneteral administration of a drug is the most effect route of administration
FALSE
True/False: Pharmocodynamics deals with the effects of a drug on the body
TRUE
The liver plays a major role in drug excretion
TRUE
Drugs administered IV have 1000% bioavailability
TRUE
True/False: Tachycardia can result from the administration of metoprolol because it has β1 affinity
FALSE
True/False: Tachycardia can result from the administration of bethanecol because it is a direct-acting muscarinic agonist
FALSE
True/False: Tachycardia can result from the administration of neostigmine because it is a muscarinic antagonist
FALSE
True/False: Tachycardia can result from the administration of phenylephrine because it increases SVR
FALSE
True/False: A patient is administered a drug that stimulates nicotinic neuronal receptors. The drug will stimulate E secretion from the adrenal medulla
TRUE
True/False: A patient is administered a drug that stimulates nicotinic neuronal receptors. The drug will cause diarrhea by directly stimulating β2 receptors
FALSE
True/False: A patient is administered a drug that stimulates nicotinic neuronal receptors. The drug will decrease SVR by directly stimulating α1 receptors
FALSE
True/False: A patient is administered a drug that stimulates nicotinic neuronal receptors. The drug will cause spastic skeletal muscle paralysis
FALSE
True/False: Epinephrine is a positive chronotrope
TRUE
True/False: Epinephrine decreases digestive system activity due to its β2 effect
TRUE
True/False: Epinephrine is a positive inotrope
TRUE
True/False: Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor due to its α1 effect
TRUE
True/False: Epinephrine is a vasodilator due to its β2 effect
TRUE
True/False: Epinephrine is a bronchodilator due to its β2 effect
TRUE
True/False: Atropine relaxes skeletal muscle because it is a cholinergic receptor antagonist
FALSE
True/False: Atropine is a positive chronotrope because it is an antimuscarinic drug
TRUE
True/False: Atropine decreases bronchial mucous secretion by blocking Nn receptors
FALSE
True/False: Atropine is a bronchodilator
TRUE
True/False: Labetalol causes reflex tachycardia
FALSE
True/False: Labetalol is a vasodilator
TRUE
True/False: Labetalol can cause orthostatic hypotension by blocking adrenergic receptors
TRUE
True/False: Labetalol lowers BP by reducing CO
TRUE
True/False: Metoprolol lowers BP by reducing SVR
FALSE
True/False: Metoprolol directly reduces CO
TRUE
True/False: Metoprolol targets the same receptors as dobutamine
TRUE
True/False: Metoprolol causes reflex bradycardia
FALSE
True/False: Phenylephrine causes reflex bradycardia because it reduces BP
FALSE
True/False: Phenylephrine targets a receptor targeted by NE
TRUE
True/False: Phenylephrine directly increases myocardial contractility
FALSE
True/False: Phenylephrine is an effective decongestant
TRUE
ACE Inhibitors AND/OR Cardioselective beta blockers block AII production
ACE INHIBITORS
ACE Inhibitors AND/OR Cardioselective beta blockers lower BP by reducing SVR
ACE INHIBITORS
ACE Inhibitors AND/OR Cardioselective beta blockers decrease LV afterload by reducing blood volume
NEITHER
ACE Inhibitors AND/OR Cardioselective beta blockers can successfully treat CHF
BOTH
ACE Inhibitors AND/OR Cardioselective beta blockers can cause hypokalemia
NEITHER
ACE Inhibitors AND/OR Cardioselective beta blockers decrease myocardial workload
ACE INHIBITORS
ARB’s AND/OR CA++ Channel Blockers are vasodilators
BOTH
ARB’s AND/OR CA++ Channel Blockers reduce SVR
BOTH
ARB’s AND/OR CA++ Channel Blockers decrease AII production
NEITHER
ARB’s AND/OR CA++ Channel Blockers can cause hypokalemia
NEITHER
ARB’s AND/OR CA++ Channel Blockers are negative chronotropes
CA++ CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Dobutamine AND/OR Digoxin is useful in the treatment of systolic heart failure
BOTH
Dobutamine AND/OR Digoxin inhibits the Na/K pump
DIGOXIN
Dobutamine AND/OR Digoxin is a β1 agonist
DOBUTAMINE
Dobutamine AND/OR Digoxin is a positive inotrope
BOTH
HCTZ AND/OR Furosemide reduces preload by reducing SVR
NEITHER
HCTZ AND/OR Furosemide targets the DCT
HCTZ
HCTZ AND/OR Furosemide increases Na absorption in the renal tubules
NEITHER
HCTZ AND/OR Furosemide can cause hypokalemia
BOTH
True/False: A hypertensive patient would benefit from clonidine because it reduces CO
TRUE
True/False: A hypertensive patient would benefit from atenolol because it reduces stroke volume
TRUE
True/False: A hypertensive patient would benefit from Lisinopril because it reduces LV afterload
TRUE
True/False: A hypertensive patient would benefit from diltiazem because it is a negative inotrope
TRUE
True/False: A hypertensive patient would benefit from labetalol because it is a vasodilator
TRUE
True/False: Nitroglycerin reduces myocardial O2 demand
TRUE
True/False: Isosorbide dintrate reduces adterload by dilating veins
FALSE
True/False: Aspirin is indicated in patients at risk for DVTs
FALSE
True/False: Statins reduce hepatic cholesterol synthesis b inhibiting HMG CoA reductase
TRUE
True/False: Warfarin blocks the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors
TRUE
True/False: Heparin enhances ATIII activity
TRUE
True/False: Thrombolytics promote the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
TRUE
True/False: A hypertensive patient would benefit from HCTZ because it is a positive inotrope
FALSE
True/False: Caffeine is a bronchodilator
TRUE
True/False: Ethanol is a myocardial depressant
TRUE
Cocaine AND/OR Nicotine is a CNS depressant
NEITHER
Cocaine AND/OR Nicotine can increase BP
BOTH
Cocaine AND/OR Nicotine has therapeutic benefit
BOTH
Cocaine AND/OR Nicotine is an alpha 2 agonist
NEITHER
Cocaine AND/OR Nicotine can increase heart rate
BOTH
Cocaine AND/OR Nicotine binds to receptors found in the autonomic nervous system
NICOTINE
Cocaine AND/OR Nicotine binds to receptors found in the somatic nervous system
NICOTINE
Albuterol AND/OR salmeterol is a rapid acting b2 agonist
ALBUTEROL
Albuterol AND/OR salmeterol is a bronchodilator
BOTH
Albuterol AND/OR salmeterol is a muscarinic receptor agonist
NEITHER
Albuterol AND/OR salmeterol is used as a “rescue” agent
ALBUTEROL
Albuterol AND/OR salmeterol reduces airway wall inflammation
NEITHER
Fluticasone AND/OR montelukast is a slow-acting bronchodilator
NEITHER
Fluticasone AND/OR montelukast is used as a “rescue” agent
NEITHER
Fluticasone AND/OR montelukast is a corticosteroid
FLUTICASONE
Fluticasone AND/OR montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist
MONTELUKAST
Fluticasone AND/OR montelukast is an anti-inflammatory
BOTH
Insulin AND/OR sitagliptin can cause hypoglycemia
BOTH
Insulin AND/OR sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor
SITAGLIPTIN
Insulin AND/OR sitagliptin stimulates insulin secretion
SITAGLIPTIN
Insulin AND/OR sitagliptin is an insulin analogue
NEITHER
Insulin AND/OR sitagliptin is useful in the treatment of Type I diabetes
INSULIN
Exenatide AND/OR metformin stimulates insulin secretion
EXENATIDE
Exenatide AND/OR metformin can cause hypoglycemia
BOTH
Exenatide AND/OR metformin increases insulin sensitivity
METFORMIN
Exenatide AND/OR metformin is useful in the treatment of Type II diabetes
BOTH
True/False: Morphine causes respiratory depression
TRUE
True/False: Opiod analgesics are also effective antipyretics
FALSE
True/False: Acetaminophen is a non-opiod NSAID
FALSE
True/False: Aspirin’s antiplatelet effects are cause by COX-1 inhibition
TRUE
Albuterol (Proventil) is in a class of _ called _
Bronchodilators, β2 agonists
Salmeterol (Advair) is in a class of _ called _
Bronchodilators, β2 agonists
Ipratropium (Atrovent) is in a class of _ called _
Bronchodilators, Anticholinergics
Tiotropium (Spiriva) is in a class of _ called _
Bronchodilators, Anticholinergics
Theophylline (Theo-24, Theolair, Uniphyl) is in a class of _ called _
Bronchodilators, Methylxanthines
Fluticasone (Advair, Flonase) is in a class of _ called _
Anti-Inflammatories, Corticosteroids
Phenolphthalein (X-Lax) is in a class of _ called _
Laxatives, Stimulants
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) is in a class of _ called _
Anti-diarrheals, Opiods
Loperamide (Immodium) is in a class of _ called _
Anti-diarrheals, Opiods
Glipizide (Glucotrol) is in a class of _ called _
antidiabetics, Sulfonylureas
Exenatide (Byetta) is in a class of _ called _
antidiabetics, Incretin analogues
Sitagliptin phosphate (Januvia) is in a class of _ called _
antidiabetics, DPP-IV Inhibitors
Metformin is in a class of _ drugs called _
antidiabetics, biguanides
Diltiazem (Cardizem) is in a class of drugs called _
Ca++ Channel Blockers
Atenolol (Tenormin) is in a class of drugs called _
β1 Blockers
Nifedipine (Procardia) is in a class of drugs called _
Ca++ Channel Blockers
Captopril (Capoten) is in a class of drugs called _
Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitors
Losartan (Cozaar) is in a class of drugs called _
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Lisinopril (Prinivil) is in a class of drugs called _
Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitors
Clonidine (Catapres) is in a class of drugs called _
Central Sympatholytics
Amlodipine (Norvasc) is in a class of drugs called _
Ca++ Channel Blockers
Metoprolol (Lopressor) is in a class of drugs called _
β1 Blockers
Hydralazine (Apresoline) is in a class of drugs called _
Direct Arterial Dilators
Verapamil (Calan) is in a class of drugs called _
Ca++ Channel Blockers
Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix) is in a class of drugs called _
DCT Diuretics
Prazosin (Minipress) is in a class of drugs called _
α1 Blockers
Nitroglycerin (Nitrolingual) is in a class of drugs called _
Nitrate- Arterial & Venous Dilators
Labetalol (Trandate) is in a class of drugs called _
α1, β1, β2 Blockers
Nitroprusside sodium (Nitropress) is in a class of drugs called _
Arterial & Venous Dilators
Aspirin (Ecotrin) is in a class of blood thinners called _
Antithrombics
Clopidogrel (Plavix) is in a class of blood thinners called _
Antithrombics
Abciximab (ReoPro) is in a class of blood thinners called _
Antithrombics
Heparin is in a class of blood thinners called _
Anticoagulants
Warfarin (Coumadin) is in a class of blood thinners called _
Anticoagulants
Dabigatron (Pradaxa) is in a class of blood thinners called _
Anticoagulants
Apixiban (Eliquis) is in a class of blood thinners called _
Anticoagulants
Streptokinase is in a class of blood thinners called _
Thrombolytics
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is in a class of blood thinners called _
Thrombolytics
Dobutamine (Dobutamine) is in a class of drugs called _
β1 Agonists
Digoxin (Digox) is in a class of drugs called _
Cardiac glycosides
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is in a class of drugs called _
Anticoagulants
Furosemide (Lasix) is in a class of drugs called _
Loop Diuretics
Amiloride (Midamor) is in a class of drugs called _
K+ Sparing Diuretics
Triamterene (Dyrenium) is in a class of drugs called _
K+ Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone (Aldactone) is in a class of drugs called _
K+ Sparing Diuretics, Aldosterone Antagonists
Mannitol (Osmitrol) is in a class of drugs called _
Osmotic Diuretics
Pravastatin Sodium (Pravachol) is in a class of drugs called _
Statins
Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor) is in a class of drugs called _
Statins
Simvastatin (Zocor) is in a class of drugs called _
Statins
Rosuvastatin Calcium (Crestor) is in a class of drugs called _
Statins
Isosorbide dinitrate (Dilatrate-SR) is in a class of drugs called _
Nitrate Venous Dilators
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Neostigmine
Indirect (~reuptake) cholinomimetic
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Nicotine
Direct nicotinic receptor agonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Bethanechol
Direct muscarinic receptor agonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Methamphetamine
Indirect (*release) sympathomimetic
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): MAOI
Indirect (~reuptake) sympathomimetic
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): TCA
Indirect (~reuptake) sympathomimetic
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Cocaine
Indirect (~reuptake) sympathomimetic
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Epinephrine
α1, α2, β1, β2 direct adrenergic receptor agonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): NE/Levophed
α1, α2, β1 direct adrenergic receptor agonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Phenylephrine
α1 direct adrenergic receptor agonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Clonidine
α2 adrenergic receptor agonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Dobutamine
β1 adrenergic receptor agonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Albuterol/Terbutaline
β2 adrenergic receptor agonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): “ganglionic blockers”
Nn cholinergic receptor antagonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Atracurium
Nm cholinergic receptor antagonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Vecuronium
Nm cholinergic receptor antagonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Succinylcholine
Nm cholinergic antagonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Atropine
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Glycopyrrolate
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Ipratropium
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Tiotropium
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Propanolol
Beta blocker
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Prazosin
α1 blocker
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Labetalol
α1, β1, β2 blocker
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Metoprolol
β1 blocker
(D/(*/~))(nmab)(+/-): Atenolol
β1 blocker
Name me a non-selective beta blocker
Propanolol
Give me some weirdly pseudo opposite drugs (an agonist and an antagonist)
NE stimulates α1, α2, β1 Labetalol blocks α1, β1, β2
What receptor mediates reflexive tachycardia?
β1 receptors
Name me some β1 blockers
MetoprololAtenolol(Propanolol)(Labetalol)
Name me some α1 blockers
Prazosin(Labetalol)
Give me α1, α2, β1, β2 agonists in order
PhenylephrineClonidineDobutamineAlbuterol/Terbutaline
Give me our three cholinergic agonists
Neostigmine (~ cholinomimetic)Nicotine (D m cholinomimetic)Bethanechol (D m cholinomimetic)
Give me our three antinicotinics (m)
AtracuriumVecuroniumSuccinylcholine
Give me our four antimuscarinics
AtropineGlycopyrrolateIpratropiumTiotropium
What are beta blockers never
Beta blockers are never vasodilators
What is atracurium used for?
blocks nm junctionsflaccid paralysis
What is vecuronium used for?
blocks nm junctionsflaccid paralysis
What is succinylcholine used for?
blocks nm junctions(irreversible, short term) flaccid paralysis
What is atropine used for?
blocks M2 siteincreases HRtreat sinus bradycardia
What is glycopyrrolate used for?
blocks M3reduce glandular activityreduce bronchial secretions
What is ipratropium used for?
blocks M3relaxes s.m.treats COPD
What is tiotropium used for?
blocks M3relaxes s.m.treats COPD
What is propanolol used for?
blocks β1, β2slows HR, constricts s.m.treats hypertension
What is labetalol used for?
blocks α1, β1, β2vasodilation, slows HR, constricts s.m.treats emergency hypertension
What is prazosin used for?
blocks α1vasodilationreduces blood pressure
What is metoprolol used for?
blocks β1slows HRtreats congestive heart failure
What is atenolol used for?
blocks β1slows HRtreats congestive heart failure
What is neostigmine used for?
reduces ACh reuptakereverses paralyzing blockers
What is nicotine used for?
stimulates N receptorsenergy boost and P/SNS enhancement
What is bethanechol used for?
stimulates M3 cellstreats urinary problems
What is meth used for?
increases NE releasestimulant
What is cocaine used for?
reduce NE reuptakestimulant
What is epinephrine used for?
stimulates α1, α2, β1, β2vasoconstriction, reduces SNS, increases HR, relaxes s.m.
What is norepinephrine used for?
stimulates α1, α2, β1 vasoconstriction, reduces SNS, increases HR
What is levophed used for?
stimulates α1, α2, β1 vasoconstriction, reduces SNS, increases HR
What is phenylephrine used for?
stimulates α1vasoconstriction
What is clonidine used for?
stimulates α2reduces SNS
What is dobutamine used for?
stimulates β1increases HRtreats heart failure
What is albuterol used for?
stimulates β2relaxes s.m.tocolytic
What is terbutaline used for?
stimulates β2relaxes s.m.bronchodilator
Complete the equation: BP = ?
BP = CO x SVR
Complete the equation: CO = ?
CO = HR x SV
Complete the equation: SV = ?
Myocardial contractility x
When does baroreceptor reflex occur?
Change in BP
What group of drugs prevents the baroreceptor reflex?
Beta blockers
What two conditions can the baroreceptor reflex cause?
Reflexive tachycardiaReflexive bradycardia
Specifically what receptor mediates the baroreceptor reflex?
β1 receptors
Eight ways to treat hypertension!
DiureticsBeta blockersACE Inhibitors/ARBsCa++ channel blockersCentral sympatholyticsα1 blockersDirect arterial dilators
Name four classes of diuretics
Loop diuretics- Furosemide DCT diuretics- HCTZK+ sparing- Ameloride, Triamterene, SpironolactoneOsmotics- Mannitol
Name your drugs that affect angiotensin (at all)
CaptoprilLisinoprilLoSARtin
Name your Ca++ channel blockers
NifedipineAmlodipineDiltiazemVerapamil
Name some standalone drugs for hypertensive treatment (drugs who’s class we know like one of)
Central sympatholytics- clonidineα1 blockers- prazosinDAD- hydralazine
Drugs to treat angina pectoris?
NitratesBeta blockersCa++ channel blockers
Name your nitrates
NitroglycerinIsosorbide dintrate
Drugs to treat hypertensive emergency
LabetalolNitroprusside Na
Drugs to treat systolic heart failure
DobutamineDigoxin
Generally how to treat systolic heart failure?
Improve contractilityReduce workload
Generally how to treat diastolic heart failure?
Increase filling timeReduce workload
How to reduce workload?
Reduce SNS activityReduce fluid retention
Drugs to reduce workload
DiureticsACE Inhibitors, ARBsBeta blockersNitroprusside Na
Drugs to increase filling time
Beta blockersCa ++ Channel blockersACE Inhibitors/ARBsDiuretics
Heart drugs that affect just preload?
Diuretics
Heart drugs that affect preload and afterload?
ACE Inhibitors, ARBsNitroprusside Na
Heart drugs that affect just afterload?
NONE HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAH
Heart drugs that affect neither preload nor afterload?
Beta blockers
