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History 2 > Summery Race Relations and events > Flashcards

Summery Race Relations and events Flashcards

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0
Q

Give 4 freasons why Brown versus Topeka was not the start of the civil rights movement

A
  1. no immediate effect-ignored or resisted
  2. Provoked KKK/extremist reaction/violence
  3. did not involve civil rights movement tactics-direct action, civil disobedience, mass protest
  4. Black awareness had been growing since Harlem Renaissance
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1
Q

Give 4 reasons why Brown versus Topeka was start of civil rights movement

A
  1. segregation was officially unconstitutional
  2. major victory for black activists-led to Little Rock, Deseg, bussing
  3. NAACP achieved legal victories, and CORE had begun to test those by direct action
  4. increased Black confidence and activism
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2
Q

Give 4 points that support that there have been a lot of progress made by 1960

A
  1. legal successes-brown V Topeka
  2. government action-Truman and Eisenhower
  3. bus boycott-first mass protest/direct action
  4. growing confidence-new negro
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3
Q

Give three examples that say that not much progress had been made by 1960

A
  1. little change (voter registration/segregation)
  2. opposition-KKK/till/parks sacked
  3. new negro only in Harlem Renaissance
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4
Q

Give seven reasons why civil rights movement was so successful in early years of the 1960s

A
  1. NAACP established fact that the blacks were legally in the right
  2. new negro attitude made mass protest
  3. figurehead leadership of Martin Luther King
  4. right principle (non-violence) and tactics (direct action/single issues) to gain public support
  5. Government support-prepared to enforce laws
  6. KKK/violence created public support
  7. TV publicity created public awareness
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5
Q

When did King decide to use tactic of large marches at Birmingham, Alabama

A

1963

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6
Q

Why did MLK choose Birmingham

A

Because of reputation for racism (had even banned a book which showed a black and white rabbits)
Towns police Chief ‘Bull’ Connor known to be hot-headed

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7
Q

What did King call Birmingham

A

The most segregated city in America

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8
Q

What did King demand in Birmingham

A

Desegregation of eating places and employment of black sales staff

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9
Q

What was Kings non-violence campaign named

A

Project-C

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10
Q

What did project-C mean

A

Project confrontation

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11
Q

How did the Birmingham demonstrations begin

A

Sit-ins at lunch counters in downtown stores and marches, during one king arrested

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12
Q

How strong was the initial support for king in Birmingham

A

Very poor

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13
Q

Because of poor support what did King do on May 3

A

He recruited a thousand schoolchildren to join one of the marchers

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14
Q

How did the police attack the March

A

Attacked with Waterhouses, dogs and batons

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15
Q

Was the Birmingham March televised

A

Yes

Media outcry

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16
Q

What happened to king after the Birmingham March

A

He was thrown into solitarily confinement

17
Q

What did they KKK do to King after their Birmingham March

A

KKK bombed motel room (shortly after state troopers guarding it mysteriously left)

18
Q

What is the result of King motel being bombed

A

Black rioted and government was forced to step in

19
Q

What was the result of the government stepping in to stop the black riots

A

These city authorities gave in and desegregated restaurants and soon after all Council facilities

20
Q

What was the result of the TV images of the brave non-violent protesters being attacked by police and racists

A

There was a huge groundswell of middle-class support

21
Q

When did King organise The ‘I had a dream’ speech Washington March

A

August 1963 (28th)

22
Q

How many people marched on Washington in August

A

A quarter of 1 million people (including at least 75,000 white supporters)

23
Q

Where was Martin Luther Kings I had a dream speech performed

A

In front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington

24
Q

How many people watched M LK speech live on television

A

Millions

25
Q

How did M LK finish this speech

A

by looking forward to the time when black Americans, in the words of the Negro spiritual, would be ‘free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!’

26
Q

By the end of 1963 or what had king become

A

The leader of the civil rights movement

27
Q

What did King prove

A

He could manipulate the media and was the most famous civil rights campaigner

28
Q

Why did the government support King at the end of 1963

A

Because it’s realised he was more moderate than other campaigners

29
Q

When did King go to Selma, Alabama

A

1965

30
Q

Who was the sheriff of Selma Alabama

A

Jim Clark

32
Q

What did King know about non-violent protest

A

That they make people inflict violence on you

They then gain bad publicity and destroy their own case

33
Q

When was bloody Sunday

A

Seventh of March 1965

34
Q

What happened on bloody Sunday

A

Brutality against the marchers were such that there was a national outrage when it was shown on television

35
Q

It was the president of America in 1965

A

Lyndon Johnson

36
Q

Why did king choose to go to Selma Alabama

A

Its sheriff, Jim Clark, could be relied on to get violent

37
Q

What was one of the reasons why Pres Lyndon Johnson’s voting rights act was passed through Congress in August 1965

A

The public outcry

38
Q

Give seven examples of how Martin Luther King was very different from the black power leaders

A
  1. advocated violence/M LK non-violent
  2. black power expelled white members/M LK wanted striped power and had white supporters
  3. they were nationalist (NOI) or wanted social action/MLK concentrated civil rights
  4. CORE - freedom houses and Atlanta project/M LK not welcome or successful in Chicago
  5. king believes had failed-day of violence
  6. King clash with Carmichael on Meredith March
  7. Malcom X called King fool (MLK calls nation of islam a hate group)
39
Q

Give five examples of how Martin Luther King wasn’t different from black power leaders

A
  1. M LK horrified by deprivation in watts
  2. M LK lives in Chicago in 1966
  3. where do we go from here advocated affirmative social action
  4. M LK opposed to Vietnam war
  5. M LK with anti-retaliation, that he provoked violence (project C in Birmingham/Selma)
40
Q

Give six example how Martin Luther King made a major contribution to the civil rights movement

A
  1. leadership/figurehead
  2. setup SCLC, organise protests
  3. achieved high profile successes-Montgomerie, Birmingham, Thelma
  4. debt principles of early movement-nonviolence, mass protest, direct action
  5. developed tactics-single issue/provoke violent reaction
  6. spectacle-I have a dream speech
41
Q

Give 4 examples of why Martin Luther King did not make a major contribution to the civil right movement

A
  1. others: chickens and feeling ride initiated by CORE/SNCC; N a ACPs legal breakthroughs
  2. kings principles/tactics were inappropriate for the ghettos
  3. after 1965 new leaders, new tactics (self-defensive riots), new principal (black power)
  4. achieved political, not social economic rights

History 2 (18 decks)

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