Martin Luther King Flashcards
Who was Martin Luther King’s vision inspiration from
The Indian Mahatma Ghandi
In 1954 what was Martin Luther King
The young Baptist minister of a rich folks church in Montgomery Alabama
What did the Indian Mahatma Gandhi promote the example off
Nonviolent campaign of passive resistance
He did this against British rule in India in the 1940s
When did King first-come into public notice. And how
Came to public notice in 1955 when-as leader of Montgomery bus boycotts-house was bombed however he declared: we must meet violence with nonviolence.
What did Martin Luther King rise to be (Think civil rights movement)
D hero and figurehead of the civil rights movement
What had the NAACP achieved by the time kings starting his campaign
They achieved a number of legal successes
Who was the NAACP’s leader
Thurgood Marshall
What did Thurgood Marshall remark after King’s success in Montgomery bus boycott
‘All that walking for nothing’
What was the difference between the boycott and NAACP in ending segregation
The boycott had not secured the end of segregation on Montgomery buses Whereas the NAACP had through the Supreme Court
Since when had the CORE been campaigning
Since the Second World War
When did king found the southern Christian leadership conference
1957
What was wrong with the SCLC
It is poorly organised
male, educated church ministers who ran it were pompous and quarrelsome
Which sit-in was the first
Greensboro sit-in in North Carolina
When was the first sit in
1960
Give details on the Greensboro sit-in
For college students go to local Woolworth store and sat down in white section of lunch counter
What happened on the first day of the Greensboro sit in
The students are simply ignored
How many students came to Woolworths on the following day and what happened on this day
30 students
Got into local newspaper
How many students went to Woolworths the day after they got into the local newspaper
66 black students
What happened after a week of escalating trouble with the sit ins
There was a bomb threat and the store was forced to close
What did the Greensboro protest result in
The protest immediately spawned copycat sit ins all over the south
How many students were involved in the copycat sit-ins
Perhaps 50,000 students in all
What happened to the protesters when they protested
They were humiliated and assaulted
Not all managed not to fight back
What did Greensboro’s NAACP organisation manage to do (2 things)
They have managed to register large numbers of black voters
Had even got black counsellors elected
What was the result of black counsellors being a minority on the council in Greensboro
They could not reform segregation and their presence on the council simply made it look as though they supported the councils segregation policies
What did sit-ins become
A new tactic to civil rights
-They were direct action to challenge segregation
What was formed after the end of the sit-ins
The student non-violent coordinating committee or SNCC (snick)
Did king disapprove of the sit ins
Yes generally
When was king persuaded to join a sit-in And what happened
October 1960
-Arrested and sentenced to 4 months of hard labour
What had students chosen to highlight and why
Racial inequality because 1960 was a presidential election year
How had John F.Kennedy gain large numbers of black voters
He protested about the imprisonment of Martin Luther King
-won black support
When did James Farmer of CORE organise the Freedom rides
May 1961
What did young blacks try to do on the freedom rides
Trying to exercise their legal right to travel on segregated interstate buses
What were the freedom rides called (an act of something)
An act of calculated martyrdom
What does calculated martyrdom mean
The riders knew they would be attacked
What happened when the first bus reached Alabama
Tires slashed
Bus set on fire
Mob try to hold doors shut so passengers are burned alive
What happened when a second bus reached Birmingham Alabama
Please and KKK attacked riders with clubs and chains as they left the bus
White freedom riders were especially badly beaten by this mob
How many freedom rides were there altogether and how many people were involved in them
60 freedom rights involving 450 brave people
What happened to most riders
They were beaten and/or imprisoned
What did Freedom Riders also do when they waited for their connections
Break the rules in segregated restaurants and hotels
What type of students participated a lot in the rides which king supported
The SNCC students
What was the government request that the CORE, SNCC, and SCLC ignored
The government request to stop their freedom rides because they were causing civil unrest
Who was the Attorney General that enforced the Supreme Court decision that segregation was illegal on interstate travel
Robert Kennedy
When and which group of students began a campaign against desegregation in Albany, Georgia
SNCC 1961
What would the SNCC campaign include
Sit-ins and freedom rides
Who invited King to the campaign in Albany
Older civil right leaders in the city
Why were the SNCC annoyed at Martin Luther King at Albany
Because King led a March and met the city council
What was the police’s tactic at Albany
Non-violence and simply arresting and fining
How many protesters did the police arrest and fine
1000
Instead of desegregating its amenities what did the council do?
The council close the parks, sold swimming pool and took all seats out of library
What happened after King left Albany
A black voter registration campaign was very successful
1962 city desegregated all facilities
When did King organise a votes-for-all March in Washington
1957
What was the votes-for-all March in support of
Eisenhowers civil rights bill
How many attended the march on Washington
20,000
What was Kings March in Washington against
The advice of other black leaders
After the March on Washington what happened
King and supporters used civil rights marchers to publicise the cause of civil rights
Who organised the first freedom March
Rev C.T. Vivian and Nashville Christian leadership conference
When was the first freedom march organised
1961
What was the Nashville Christian leadership conference
An affiliate of the SCLC
What was the result of the groups ignoring the government request
Attorney General Robert Kennedy enforced the Supreme Court decision that segregation on interstate travel was illegal
