Isolationism Flashcards
In what time space did 40 million people move to the USA (date-date)
1850-1914
How many people moved to the ISA between 1850-1914
40 million people
By the end of ww1 how many different nationalities made up the American society
A hundred different nationalities
What was the dark side of the roaring 20s? (Two words)
Intolerance
Racism
What were WASPS
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
What way was politics leaning in the 20s? (Towards something)
Towards isolation
What was a result of the political leaning towards isolation
This led directly to attempts to restrict immigration
What type of people did people who were against immigration want to keep out in particular? (Two)
Asians and Eastern Europeans
What did Americans fear about immigrants (two things)
That they would take their jobs
That would might try to spread communist ideas
When was the Immigration Law passed
1917
What did the Immigration Law require the immigrants to do
They had to prove they could read English
When was the Emergency Quota Act
1921
What did the Emergency Quota Act do
Limited the number of immigrants to 357,000 per year
Number ims from one country could not exceed 3% of the number already living in the USA in 1910
How did the Emergency Quota Act keep out Eastern European countries
Bc there were fewer of them already living in the USA
When was the National Origins Act
1924
What did the National Origins Act do?
Reduced the quota (EQA) to 2% of population and set the date back to 1890
What happened in 1929 in terms of the reduction of immigrants (figure and a country that was blocked)
Number of immigrants each year - 150,000
Immigration from Asia blocked altogether
What was another effect of isolationism (think about attitude of immigrants)
Distrust and intolerance of immigrants
What jobs were immigrants restricted to
The lowest paid ones
What did areas of cities become to immigrants
Ghettos
What were the conditions in the ghettos like
Housing poor
Violence and crime high
Why were immigrants often despised
Because they were poor
Why did Americans fear communism especially after 1917
1917 was the Russian Revolution
What did Americans feel about the Russian Revolution and communism (think threat, two things)
Free lifestyle under threat
Capitalist economy that funded free lifestyle were under threat
When did fear of communism become widespread
Early 1920s
What was the idea that immigrants were communists called?
The Red Scare
When did fear intensify of red scare (bombing?)
Number of bombs were planted by Italian immigrants and anarchists
When was the Wall Street bombing
16th September 1920
What happened at the Wall Street bombing (details of where, and what happened)
Outside the stock exchange
Bomb on horse-drawn wagon was detonated
The bomb was on a timer
What did the bomb contain on wall st bombing
45kg dynamite surrounded by hundreds of small metal slugs
What type of crowd did the bomb hit (type of day) and how many casualties and fatalities were there as a result of the bombing
The lunchtime crowd
400 injured
38 died
What did American newspapers call the bombing and who did they blame
‘An act of war’ and blames Italian anarchists
Although bombers never captured
Who was the Us attorney-general who dealt with the bombing
Alexander Palmer
What did Palmer order the forces to do in response to the bombings
To arrest 10,000 people suspected of holding left-wing political views
What were left wing political views
an outlook that supports social equality, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality. Involves a concern for those in society who are ‘disadvantaged’ relative to others and an assumption that there are unjustified inequalities that need to be reduced or abolished
What were the arrests as a result of the Red Scare bombings called
Palmer Raids
What happened to those who were rounded up by Palmer who were discovered to be immigrants
They were deported without trial
What was the most famous case of injustice against immigrants
The Sacco and Venzetti case
What were the full names of Sacco and Venzetti
Nicola Sacco
Bartolomeo Vanzetti
What were Sacco and Venzetti (openly something)
Openly anarchists
What were Sacco and Venzetti charged of in 1920
The murder of two guards in an armed robbery
How many witnesses identified S and V as killers
61
What was a flaw in the witnesses statements
They could not agree on the details of the crime they all claimed they saw
How many in defence witnesses claimed they saw S and V somewhere else at the time of the robbery
107
Why did the large defence to the S and V case fail to bring justice
Because most of the defence witnesses were Italian Immigrants
So both men were guilty of murder
When were S and V executed
1917
Who were the Ku Klux Klan
a militant organisation of white supremacists
What did the KKK launch
A moral crusade to save the USA
What did the KKK stir up
Racial and religious hatred
Who would the KKK accept
Only those who were WASPS, people who originally came from north Europe and whose fams had lived in US for several generations
Who were not condemned as being true Americans (six)
Jews, Catholics, immigrants from S.Eu (Italians), E.Eu (Russians), Asia, and especially black people.
How many members did the KKK increase to between 1920 to 1925 ( number - number)
5000 - 5 million
Who were often the klans members
Poor whites who felt their jobs were threatened by people who were willing to work for lower wages - blacks and immigrants
Who else joined the klan (think higher up)
Rick and influential members
Incl. state politicians
Where was the klan strongest? (N E S W?)
Southern states where there was a large black population and a history of slavery
State 4 things klan members did
- ceremonies white robes
- Klonversations (secret code)
- torture and violence to those who weren’t ‘true Americans’
- attacked blacks
What did the KKK do to blacks specifically (5)
Beaten, raped, lynched, homes set on fire, property destroyed
What is lynching?
Hanging without trial
How were Klansmen who committed violence protected and by who
Police and judges who were klan members Protected them
What was an effect of KKK support in courts (think jury)
White juries became reluctant to find people guilty of klans activities
When did klan membership begin to fall and why
After 1925 when appalling crimes began to take place, which were widely reported
