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History 2 > Increasing Racialisation > Flashcards

Increasing Racialisation Flashcards

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0
Q

What seemed irrelevant to blacks living in the poor areas of American cities

A

M LK and his civil rights successes in the south

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1
Q

When did black American movements which are much more radical and violent emerge

A

During the 1960s

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2
Q

What was lifelike to the black living in the poor areas of American cities

A

There was poverty, deprivation and unemployment-These were rife

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3
Q

How many black youths were unemployed in Chicago’s gettos

A

About 70%

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4
Q

What did poor housing in the ghettos lead to

A

Violence and crime

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5
Q

What percentage of ghetto children finished high school

A

32%

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6
Q

What could you describe the ghettos as

A

A powder-keg waiting to explode

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7
Q

In what year was there a clumsy and brutal attempt by police to arrest who?

A

1965 police attempted to arrest a black drunk driver

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8
Q

What was the result of the police arrest of black drunk driver

A

Riots in the watts area of Los Angeles

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9
Q

Between 1964 and 1968 how many riots were there and in how many US cities

A

238 riots in more than 200 cities

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10
Q

How many people died in the riots and how did most die

A

250 deaths many from police shootings

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11
Q

How much damage was done after the riots ( dollars worth)

A

Billions of dollars worth

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12
Q

What type of campaigners of the SCLC and NAACP not know

A

The middle-class campaigners new little of the ghetto world

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13
Q

Who was working in the ghettos

A

Black activists

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14
Q

What happened after 1964 in terms of the CORE (what did they do)

A

CORE workers rented Freedom houses in northern ghettos, from which they distributed information on education, employment, health and housing

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15
Q

What happened in 1966 with the SNCC (what did they mount)

A

They mounted The Atlanta project

A group of SNCC students cleared waste areas, publish newsletter called Nitty-gritty to denounce ‘White lies’ in the press and persuaded local blacks to vote in elections

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16
Q

What was the nation of Islam

A

A black Muslim movement formed in 1930

Nationalists and separatist

Solution to problems of black Americans was returned to Africa or separate American States in South US

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17
Q

What did it King label the nation of Islam as

A

A hate group

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18
Q

What did NAACP leader Thurgood Marshall call the nation of Islam

A

A bunch of thugs

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19
Q

How many members did the nation of Islam have by 1970

A

250,000

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20
Q

Who were two of the famous members of the nation of Islam

A

Muhammad Ali-world champion boxer

Malcom X-black activist

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21
Q

Who was Malcom X

A

Vigourous and aggressive man who joined nation of Islam while in prison for drug-dealing

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22
Q

How did it Malcom X present himself

A

As the alternative to Dr King

23
Q

What did Malcolm X think of M LK

A

That he was a fool

24
Q

What did Malcom X argue about white policies in contrast to mlk

A

White apologies often (Americans with no alternative but violence

Also rejected Kings turn the other cheek nonviolence approach

25
Q

When did Malcom X become famous. (After something)

A

After 1959 TV documentary, the hate that hate produced

26
Q

When was Malcom X suspended from the nation of Islam and why

A

In 1964 after appearing to welcome the assassination of Pres Kennedy

27
Q

What did Malcolm X do after he was suspended

A

He renounced the nation of Islam

28
Q

When was Malcom X’s new York home firebombed

A

1964

29
Q

When was Malcom X assassinated and by who

A

1965 by a nation of Islam gunman

30
Q

What did Malcolm X do because of his death (three results)

A
  1. became role model for angry young blacks
  2. forced America’s black leaders to refocus their attention away from civil and legal rights and instead on social and economic conditions
  3. Introduced idea of violence as legitimate a tactic
31
Q

At CORE and SNCC work in ghettos what happened to them

A

They became more radicalised-politics became more left-wing/socialist

tactics became more racially charged and violence

32
Q

In what year did SNCC choose who as a leader and then EXspells all white members

A

1966 chose Stokely Carmichael

33
Q

What did Carmichael believe

A

Nonviolence was not the right approach and instead advocated self defence

34
Q

What phrase did Carmichael bring in

A

Black power

35
Q

When did Carmichael bring the phrase black power to the public attention

A

When he shouted it out at a speech in Greenwood, Mississippi, after the Meredith March

36
Q

In the year after Carmichael brought in the phrase black power who succeeded him

A

H.Rap Brown

37
Q

What did H.Rap brown encourage

A

Encouraged poor black people to see the white shops and thus directly cause a number of ghetto riots that year

38
Q

When did Floyd McKissick take over CORE

A

1966

39
Q

What did Floyd McKissick do and when

A

Expelled its white members in 1968

40
Q

What views did McKissick have

A

He rejected nonviolence

41
Q

When was the most famous expression of black power shown

A

During the 1968 Mexico City Olympics

42
Q

What happened at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics (who were medal winners) and what did they do

A

Tommy Smith and John Carlos raise their fists in a black power salute
MSmith wore black scarf symbolism-Black pride

Carlos wore beads in memory of black slaves and victims of lynchings

43
Q

What were John Carlos and Tommy Smith members of

A

The Olympic project for human rights

44
Q

When was the Olympic project for human rights founded and what was its aim

A

Founded in 1967 to protest against discrimination against blacks in sport

45
Q

What and when did Huey Newton form as a response to police brutality in the watts riots

A

The black panther party in 1966

46
Q

What were some of the points in the black panther party’s 10 point programme

A

Land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace

-Some demands

47
Q

At its height how many members did the black panther party have

A

5000 members organised into 30 chapters

48
Q

In what years did the black panther party temporarily merge with the SNCC

A

1968 to 69

49
Q

Who did the black panther party forge links with

A

Communist Freedom fighters all over the world

50
Q

What did the black panther party setup in Los Angeles (give four)

A

Set up health clinics and an ambulance and gave free breakfasts to ghetto children

Also attacked police

51
Q

What would black panther patrols do - think police

A

They would shadow police patrols

52
Q

What would happen if the police started harassing black Americans

A

The Panthers would help the blacks

53
Q

When were a number of black panthers shot notably

A

In a gun battle that followed the Ambush of a police patrol in 1968

54
Q

In response to their ambush of a police patrol in 1968 what did California decide to do

A

Decided that it would recruit policemen in proportion to the size of the black and white population in the state

55
Q

What did the FBI label the black panthers as

A

A black nationalist hate group

56
Q

By what year had the black panther movement fizzled out and why

A

By 1970 because leaders were targeted and jailed by FBI

History 2 (18 decks)

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