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Science > Summer Exam - Cheat Sheet > Flashcards

Summer Exam - Cheat Sheet Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Can you draw a diagram of the male and female reproductive systems?

A
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2
Q

Can you describe the main stages of the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 1 to 5: If the woman is not pregnant the lining of the uterus breaks down and leaves the body through the vagina. This is known as menstruation or sometimes called a period.
• Day 6 to 13: The uterus wall begins to buid up again to prepare for a baby
• Day 14: An egg is released from the ovary. This is known as ovulation.
• Day 15 to 28: the lining of the uterus remains in the place and if pregnancy has not occurred will break down once again on day one.

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3
Q

Can you bulletpoint the stages of labour?

A

The first stage is the dilation of the cervix, the second stage is the birth of the baby, and the third stage is the delivery of the placenta.

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4
Q

What is meant by the term dominant and recessive?

A

Although two genes are present only one will be expressed, or displayed in the organism. This gene is called the dominant gene. The other gene is called the recessive gene

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5
Q

What are gametes?

A

Gametes are an organism’s reproductive cells.

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6
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.

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7
Q

What are genes?

A

Genes are strands of DNA in chromosomes.

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8
Q

What are chromosomes made up of?

A
  1. Protein
  2. DNA
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9
Q

Can you explain how someone with blue eyes could be born to two brown eyed parents using a punnet square?

A
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10
Q

Describe Ohms Law.

A

The voltage and the current in a circuit are directly proportional. This means that they both increase at the same rate. We call this Ohm’s Law.

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11
Q

How we can measure Ohms Law

A

volts = amps x ohms, or V = A x Ω.
V
——
I | R

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12
Q

What is current?

A

Current is a measure of the amount of charge, or electrons that travel around a circuit. It is measured in amperes (A).

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13
Q

What is voltage?

A

Voltage is a measure of the energy the electrons have. It is measured in Volts (V).

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14
Q

What is resistance?

A

Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. It is measured in Ohms (Ω).

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15
Q

What is power?

A

Power is a measure of how much energy an electrical device converts in one second. The unit of power is the Watt (W).

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16
Q

What are insulators?

A

Insulators are materials do not allow electricity to travel through them. E.g. plastic

17
Q

What are conductors?

A

Conductors are materials that allow electricity to travel through them. E.g. metals

18
Q

What is Hooke’s Law?

A

Hooke’s law says that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force that is stretching it.

19
Q

What is mass?

A

Mass is how much matter is in something. We measure it using a mass balance and use the units kilograms (kg).

20
Q

What is weight?

A

Weight is the force due to gravity that a mass pushes down on the Earth. It is measured in Newtons. On Earth 10N = 1Kg.

21
Q

Describe the motion of an object in a distance time graph and calculate its speed (practicing questions is the best way to do this, try pages 304-305 and your assessment book)

A
22
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A galaxy is a collection of billions of stars and their corresponding planets and moons

23
Q

What is a star?

A

A giant ball of Hydrogen gas which releases energy through nuclear fusion producing Helium and later other elements

24
Q

What is a planet?

A

A rocky or gas body orbiting a star.

25
Q

What is a moon?

A

A rocky or gas body orbiting a planet.

26
Q

What is an asteroid?

A

A small rocky body orbiting a star.

27
Q

What is a comet?

A

A small rocky and icy body orbiting a star.

28
Q

What is the geocentric theory?

A

The mistaken idea that the Earth is at the centre of the solar system and the sun and planets rotate around it. The Greeks developed this idea.

29
Q

What is the heliocentric theory?

A

The correct idea that the sun is at the centre of the solar system and the planets including Earth rotate around it. Copernicus and Galileo were instrumental in deciding this.

30
Q

What is Work? And what is the Formula used?

A

Work is when a force results in something moving a certain distance.
Work = Force (N) X distance (m)

31
Q

What is power? (Work, Power and Energy chpt.)

A

Power is the rate at which work is done.

Power (w) = Work (J) ÷ Time (s)

32
Q

Give an example for each of these types of energies.
1. Kinetic energy
2. Potential energy
3. Sound energy
4. Chemical energy
5. Electrical energy
6. Magnetic energy
7. Solar energy
8. Nuclear energy

A
  1. Moving car
  2. Mousetrap
  3. Radio
  4. Food
  5. Hairdryer
  6. Magnets
  7. Solar powered calculator
  8. Nuclear power station
33
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another.

Science (16 decks)

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