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AQA GCSE chemistry > Summer assessment 2 > Flashcards

Summer assessment 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are ions?

A

charged particles

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2
Q

What is ionic bonding between?

A

a metal and non-metal

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3
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic attrations

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4
Q

What does ionic bonding form?

A

giant ionic structure

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5
Q

Describe giant ionic structure?

A
  • ions held together by closely packed 3D lattice arrangement
  • strong electrostatic attraction
  • high melt + boiling point
  • not electrical conductors when solid, only when dissolve in water or melt them
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6
Q

Definition of covalent bond?

A

strong electrostatic attraction between negatively charged shared electrons and the positively changed nuclei of the atoms involved

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7
Q

Describe simple molecular structures?

A
  • very strong covalent bond
  • weak intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules
  • low melting and boiling point
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8
Q

Describe giant covalent structures?

A
  • strong covalent bond
  • high melting and boiling
  • dont conduct electricity
  • insoluble in water
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9
Q

Describe diamond?

A
  • network of carbon atoms with four covalent bonds
  • strong covalent bonds
  • high melting point
  • hard rigid lattice structure
  • doesnt conduct
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10
Q

Describe graphite?

A
  • each carbon forms three covalent bonds
  • layers of carbon atoms with weak intermolecular forces which can slide over each other making it slippery and soft
  • high melt and boil
  • one delocalised electron and can conduct electricity
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11
Q

Describe C60 fullerene?

A
  • hollow sphere with 60 carbon atoms
  • intermolecular foces which can slide over each other - soft
  • one delcocalised but cant move molecules so poor conductor
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12
Q

What is the name of group 7?

A

halogens

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13
Q

What happens as atomic number increases for halogens?

A

elements have darker colour and a higher boiling point

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14
Q

Describe chlorine?

A

poisonous green gas

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15
Q

Describe bromine?

A

red-brown liquid gives off orange vapour at room temperature

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16
Q

Describe iodine?

A

dark grey crystalline solid which gives off purple vapour when heated

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17
Q

When do salts form?

A

when acids react with bases in a neutralisation reaction

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18
Q

acid + base = ?

A

salt + water

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19
Q

acid + metal oxide =?

A

salt + water

20
Q

acid + metal hydroxide =?

A

salt + water

21
Q

acid + ammonia =?

A

ammonium salt

22
Q

acid + metal carbonate=?

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

23
Q

Test for chlorine?

A

bleaches damp blue litmus paper, turning it white

24
Q

test for oxygen?

A

relights a glowing splint

25
Q

test for CO2

A

turns limewater cloudy

26
Q

test for hydrogen

A

squeaky pop with lit splint

27
Q

test for ammonia?

A

turns damp red litmus paper blue

28
Q

test for water?

A

copper sulfate crystals become blue

29
Q

What two ways can you find formula using experiments?

A

combustion reaction and reduction reaction

30
Q

What is the combustion reaction for finding the empirical formula?

A
  1. heat crucible till red hot ( cleans it)
  2. cool and then weigh
  3. add magnesium ribbon, reweigh
  4. heat with magnesium
  5. heat for 10 mins or until magnesium turned white
  6. cool and reweigh
31
Q

What is the reduction reaction for finding empirical formula?

A
  1. weigh rubber bung and test tube with small hole in end
  2. add some copper oxide into middle of tube
  3. reinsert bung and weigh
  4. expel air by turning on gas
  5. light bunsen and heat for 10 mins or change from black to brown pink
  6. cool and weigh
32
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

dissolve in water

33
Q

What does an insoluble salt form?

A

percipitate

34
Q

Which substances are soluble?

A 
sodium 
potassium 
ammonium 
nitrates 
chlorides ( not silver or lead)
sulfates ( not lead barium and calcium
35
Q

Which substances are insoluble?

A

carbonates ( not sodium potassium and ammonium)

hydroxides ( not sodium potassium and calcium)

36
Q

how do to make a soluble salt?

A

by reacting an acid that contains one of the ions you want and an insolube base with the other ion

37
Q

Explain process of making soluble salts?

A
  • heat acid in water bath
  • add base to acid until in excess
  • filter off excess
  • heat gently using bunsen to slowly evaporate water
  • leave to dry and crystalise then filter solid salt
38
Q

What are alkanes?

A

saturated hydrocarbons

39
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms

40
Q

alkanes general formula?

A

CnH2n+2

41
Q

name the first five alkanes?

A 
methane
ethane
propane
butane 
pentane
42
Q

WHat do alkanes burn in?

A

combustion reactions

43
Q

What does complete combustion of alkane make?

A

carbon dioxide + water

44
Q

What can alkanes react with? to form?

A

halogens to make haloalkanes

45
Q

what is needed for the substitution reaction?

A

UV light

46
Q

Methane + bromine =?

A

bromomethane + hydrogen bromide

AQA GCSE chemistry (10 decks)

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