Summary antibiotic table- from notion (+ BACTERIA CLASSIFICATION) Flashcards
Which ABX are within cell wall inhibitors?
- Beta lactams
- Glycopeptdies
Examples of beta lactams
Penicillins
Carbapenams
Cephalosporins
What is penicillin active against?
Gram positives except staph aureus
What is amoxicillin effective against
Gram positives, enterococci, gram negative, not staph aureus
What is flucloxacillin active against?
Staph aureus
What is piperecillin active against
Pseudomonas
Non-enteric gram negatives
What are the different generations of cephalosporins? And how does their activity change as generation goes up?
Activity against gram negatives increases over generation
What are carbapenams active against
Examples of glycopeptide antibiotics
What type of bacteria are they active against?
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Only active against gram positives- they are too large to cross the cell wall of gram negative organisms
What is vancomycin active against
Gram positives, MRSA, C difficile (PO)
What is teicoplanin active against?
Gram positives, MRSA
Which ABX inhibit protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Oxalozidinediones
(TAMCO)
Examples of aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Tobramicin
Amicakin
What is gentamicin active against
Pseudomonas
MDR (multi-drug resistant organisms)
ESBL organisms
**path guide: gram negative sepsis
What drug regimen is used against pseudomonas?
Piperecillin and gentamicin
(broad spectrum penicillin + aminoglycoside)
Where are beta lactams excreted
Renally
What are examples of CPE?
Carbapenam resistant enterococci
Examples- acinetobacter
Klebsiella
These are multidrug resistant
What must you be cautious wrt to glycopeptides
Nephrotoxic - monitor drug levels
Key points about aminoglycosides
Examples of tetracyclines and what are they active against?
**intracellular pathogens such as chlamydia
Who should you not give tetracyclines to?
Children and pregnant women
Because they deposit in bone and discolour teeth
Also they are folate antagonists so can’t give pregnant women
Which ABX are in the MSL group?
Macrolides
Streptogramins
Lincosamides
What are macrolides used to treat?
What are they NOT active against?
- Staph and strep infections if resistance to penicillin
- Legionella pneumophilia
- Camylobacter
**not active against gram negatives (except azithromycin)
Basically: gram positive (in cases of penicillin allergy) and atypical pneumonia
What is azithromycin used to treat?
Salmonella infection
rmb it is second line in salmonella typhi infection after ceftriaxone
What is chloramphenicol used for?
bacterial conjuncitivitis
What are the risks of chloramphenicol?
Grey baby syndrome
Aplastic anaemia
Example of oxalozidinediones?
Linezolid
What is linezolid used for?
Gram positives- including VRE and MRSA
NOT active against gram negatives
What are the risks of linezolid?
Which ABX inhibit DNA synthesis?
Quinolones
Nitromidazoles
Nitrofurans
Examples of quinolones
Key points about quinolones
**active against gram negatives
Examples of nitromidazoles and key points
Example of nitrofurans and key points
Examples of rifamicins
Rifampicin
Rifabutin
What is rifampicin active against
Can you use rifampicin on its own?
No must give it with another drug
eg in TB and in prosthetic infections
can only be used on its own as prophylaxis for meningitis for short term
Where is rifamipicin metabolised and what does it interact with?
Metabolised in the liver
Interacts with COCP
What happens to urine when you take rifampicin?
Urine turns orange
Which antibiotics are cell membrane toxins?
polymyxins- eg collistin
cyclic lipopeptide eg Polymyxin
What is daptomycin active against?
Gram positives
MRSA
VRE
Key points about polymyxins
Which abx inhibit folate metabolism
Summary of drugs active against gram positives
Summary of drugs active against gram negatives
What is VRE?
Vancomycin resistant enterococcus
Which antibiotics are broad spectrum?
Co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), tazocin (piperacillin + tazobactam), ciprofloxacin, meropenem
Which drugs are narrow spectrum?
flucloxacillin, metronidazole, gentamicin
Four mechanisms of antibiotic reisstance
Typical antibiotic used for staph aureus in skin
flucloxacillin unless allergy
Typical antibiotic used in pharyngitis
pathogen: B haemolytic strep
antibiotic: benzylpenicillin
Typical antibiotic for CAP
Mild: amoxicillin
Severe: co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin
Abx for HAP
Co-amoxiclav + gentamicin OR
tazocin
***DOUBLE CHECK WITH THE LECTURE***
Empirical treatment for sepsis
Summary antibiotic table: path guide
Common bugs and treatment
Summary table for types ofb acteria
Classification of strep bacteria
Classification of gram positvie bacteria
Summary of the gram positive resistant organisms and how to treat them
if you find mrsa on skin what does that mean?
could just be contamination - don’t treat with abx
do decontamination with chlorhexidine wash and nasal mupirocin
What are the ESBL producing gram negative organisms and how do you treat them?
How do you treat cellulitis?
first line: flucloxacillin
2nd line if penicillin allergic: clarirthomycin or erythromycin (if pregnant)
