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MICRO ADYA > Summary antibiotic table- from notion (+ BACTERIA CLASSIFICATION) > Flashcards

Summary antibiotic table- from notion (+ BACTERIA CLASSIFICATION) Flashcards

1
Q

Which ABX are within cell wall inhibitors?

A
  1. Beta lactams
  2. Glycopeptdies
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2
Q

Examples of beta lactams

A

Penicillins

Carbapenams

Cephalosporins

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3
Q

What is penicillin active against?

A

Gram positives except staph aureus

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4
Q

What is amoxicillin effective against

A

Gram positives, enterococci, gram negative, not staph aureus

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5
Q

What is flucloxacillin active against?

A

Staph aureus

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6
Q

What is piperecillin active against

A

Pseudomonas

Non-enteric gram negatives

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7
Q

What are the different generations of cephalosporins? And how does their activity change as generation goes up?

A

Activity against gram negatives increases over generation

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8
Q

What are carbapenams active against

A
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9
Q

Examples of glycopeptide antibiotics

What type of bacteria are they active against?

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

Only active against gram positives- they are too large to cross the cell wall of gram negative organisms

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10
Q

What is vancomycin active against

A

Gram positives, MRSA, C difficile (PO)

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11
Q

What is teicoplanin active against?

A

Gram positives, MRSA

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12
Q

Which ABX inhibit protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides

Tetracycline

macrolides

Chloramphenicol

Oxalozidinediones

(TAMCO)

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13
Q

Examples of aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin

Tobramicin

Amicakin

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14
Q

What is gentamicin active against

A

Pseudomonas

MDR (multi-drug resistant organisms)

ESBL organisms

**path guide: gram negative sepsis

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15
Q

What drug regimen is used against pseudomonas?

A

Piperecillin and gentamicin

(broad spectrum penicillin + aminoglycoside)

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16
Q

Where are beta lactams excreted

A

Renally

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17
Q

What are examples of CPE?

A

Carbapenam resistant enterococci

Examples- acinetobacter

Klebsiella

These are multidrug resistant

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18
Q

What must you be cautious wrt to glycopeptides

A

Nephrotoxic - monitor drug levels

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19
Q

Key points about aminoglycosides

A
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20
Q

Examples of tetracyclines and what are they active against?

A

**intracellular pathogens such as chlamydia

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21
Q

Who should you not give tetracyclines to?

A

Children and pregnant women

Because they deposit in bone and discolour teeth

Also they are folate antagonists so can’t give pregnant women

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22
Q

Which ABX are in the MSL group?

A

Macrolides

Streptogramins

Lincosamides

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23
Q

What are macrolides used to treat?

What are they NOT active against?

A
  1. Staph and strep infections if resistance to penicillin
  2. Legionella pneumophilia
  3. Camylobacter

**not active against gram negatives (except azithromycin)

Basically: gram positive (in cases of penicillin allergy) and atypical pneumonia

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24
Q

What is azithromycin used to treat?

A

Salmonella infection

rmb it is second line in salmonella typhi infection after ceftriaxone

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25
Q

What is chloramphenicol used for?

A

bacterial conjuncitivitis

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26
Q

What are the risks of chloramphenicol?

A

Grey baby syndrome

Aplastic anaemia

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27
Q

Example of oxalozidinediones?

A

Linezolid

28
Q

What is linezolid used for?

A

Gram positives- including VRE and MRSA

NOT active against gram negatives

29
Q

What are the risks of linezolid?

A
30
Q

Which ABX inhibit DNA synthesis?

A

Quinolones

Nitromidazoles

Nitrofurans

31
Q

Examples of quinolones

A
32
Q

Key points about quinolones

A

**active against gram negatives

33
Q

Examples of nitromidazoles and key points

A
34
Q

Example of nitrofurans and key points

A
35
Q

Examples of rifamicins

A

Rifampicin

Rifabutin

36
Q

What is rifampicin active against

A
37
Q

Can you use rifampicin on its own?

A

No must give it with another drug

eg in TB and in prosthetic infections

can only be used on its own as prophylaxis for meningitis for short term

38
Q

Where is rifamipicin metabolised and what does it interact with?

A

Metabolised in the liver

Interacts with COCP

39
Q

What happens to urine when you take rifampicin?

A

Urine turns orange

40
Q

Which antibiotics are cell membrane toxins?

A

polymyxins- eg collistin

cyclic lipopeptide eg Polymyxin

41
Q

What is daptomycin active against?

A

Gram positives

MRSA
VRE

42
Q

Key points about polymyxins

A
43
Q

Which abx inhibit folate metabolism

A
44
Q

Summary of drugs active against gram positives

A
45
Q

Summary of drugs active against gram negatives

A
46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q

What is VRE?

A

Vancomycin resistant enterococcus

49
Q

Which antibiotics are broad spectrum?

A

Co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), tazocin (piperacillin + tazobactam), ciprofloxacin, meropenem

50
Q

Which drugs are narrow spectrum?

A

flucloxacillin, metronidazole, gentamicin

51
Q

Four mechanisms of antibiotic reisstance

A
52
Q

Typical antibiotic used for staph aureus in skin

A

flucloxacillin unless allergy

53
Q

Typical antibiotic used in pharyngitis

A

pathogen: B haemolytic strep
antibiotic: benzylpenicillin

54
Q

Typical antibiotic for CAP

A

Mild: amoxicillin

Severe: co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin

55
Q

Abx for HAP

A

Co-amoxiclav + gentamicin OR

tazocin

***DOUBLE CHECK WITH THE LECTURE***

56
Q

Empirical treatment for sepsis

A
57
Q

Summary antibiotic table: path guide

A
58
Q

Common bugs and treatment

A
59
Q

Summary table for types ofb acteria

A
60
Q

Classification of strep bacteria

A
61
Q

Classification of gram positvie bacteria

A
62
Q

Summary of the gram positive resistant organisms and how to treat them

A
63
Q

if you find mrsa on skin what does that mean?

A

could just be contamination - don’t treat with abx

do decontamination with chlorhexidine wash and nasal mupirocin

64
Q

What are the ESBL producing gram negative organisms and how do you treat them?

A
65
Q

How do you treat cellulitis?

A

first line: flucloxacillin

2nd line if penicillin allergic: clarirthomycin or erythromycin (if pregnant)

MICRO ADYA (22 decks)

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