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MICRO ADYA > Microbiology 20 - Neonatal and Childhood infection > Flashcards

Microbiology 20 - Neonatal and Childhood infection Flashcards

1
Q

What infections are currently screened for in pregnancy in the UK?

A

Hep B
HIV
Syphilis

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2
Q

What does TORCH stand for?

A

Toxoplasmosis
Other (syphilis, HIV, Hep B/C)
Rubella
CMV
HSV

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3
Q

What effect can toxoplasmosis have on the neonate?

A

Deafness, low IQ and microcephaly

4Cs:
chorioretinitis
cerebral calcification - tram like calcification on CT
microCephaly + hydroCephaly
convulsions ! !

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4
Q

Recall the symptoms of congenital rubella syndrome

A

Cataracts
CV syndrome
Sensorineural deafness
Brain pathology
BLUEBERRY MUFFIN RASH

Triad: Cataracts, sensorineural deafness, congenital heart defects (PDA)

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5
Q

What is the cause of a ‘blueberry muffin rash’ and in which infection is it seen?

A

Extramedullary haematopoiesis- haematopoiesis happening in the skin

*seen in TORCH infections such as rubella (and also CMV)

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6
Q

Recall the symptoms of congenital HSV infection

A

Nasty disseminated infection, causing:

  • Meningoencephalitis
  • Ulcers and skin problems- blistering rash
  • High mortality
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7
Q

3 causes of early onset neonatal sepsis

A

Group B strep
E coli
Listeria

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8
Q

Which neonatal infection could be described as ‘catalase negative, beta haemolytic’?

A

GBS

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of late-onset sepsis in neonates?

A

Coagulase negative staph - staph epidermis

^^ this is if in NICU

If in community: still GEL

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10
Q

What is the first line treatment for late-onset neonatal sepsis?

A

Late onset in NICU:
Cefotaxime (this is brain-penetrative) and vancomycin (this is good for staph) - BUT base on trust guidelines

Late ONSET in community: Cefotaxime + amoxicillin +/- Gentamicin

^^basc for GEL organisms

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11
Q

Effects of listeria in pregnancy

A

Early: miscarriage
Late: preterm labour- mother and baby very septic

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12
Q

Treatment of early onset neonatal sepsis

A

Benzylpenicillin and gentamicin
+/- amoxicillin

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13
Q

Main strain of Meningitis in the UK

A

Men B

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14
Q

Most common cause of bacterial infections in neonates

A

meningitis

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15
Q

What secondary bacterial infection can follow VZV infection in neonates?

A

Necrotising fasciitis- caused by invasive GAS: Streptococcus pyogenes

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16
Q

Most common causes of death in neonates

A
  1. prematurity
  2. intrapartum complications
  3. neonatal sepsis
17
Q

Most common cause of death in post-neonatal period

A

pneumonia

18
Q

Most common bacterial cause of respiratory infections in children

A

Strep Pneumonia

19
Q

Who tends to get mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Children >4y

20
Q

What is a haematological complication of mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Cold autoimmune haemolysis

21
Q

Pathognomonic sign of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

Bullous myringitis (vesicles on the tympanic membrane) - infection of the tympanic membrane

22
Q

Most common cause of UTIs in children

A

MAIN: E Coli
Followed by other coliforms - eg klebsiella, proteus
Other: Enterococcus sp + Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (S. saprophyticus)

23
Q

What is the presentation of TORCH infections in general?

A

Thrombocytopaenia
Other - ears, eyes etc
Rash
Cerebral abnormality eg microcephaly
hepatosplenomegaly + jaundice

**TORCH

24
Q

Which organisms cause early onset and late onset neonatal sepsis?

A

early onset: GBS, E. coli. Listeria
Late onset: coagulase negative staph (NICU); GEL (community)

25
Q

What constitutes the neonatal period?

A

4-6 weeks

26
Q

Which age groups do you get these types of bacterial meningitis in:

a) neisseria meningitides
b) streptococcus pneumoniae
c) haemophilus influenzae
d) GBS, E. coli, Listeria

A

a) commonest >3 months of age
b) commonest <2 yo
c) commonest <3 months and unvaccinated
d) common 1-3 months

27
Q

What is the scientific name of measles virus?

A

Morbillivirus

from the family paramyxoviridiae

28
Q

What type of virus is zika virus?

A

enevloped flavivirus

positvie sense ssRNA genome

29
Q

What infection does zika virus cause?

A

severe microcephaly + skull deformity

decreased brain tisssue, subcortical calcification

retinopathy, deafness

talipes, contractures

hypertonia

MICRO ADYA (22 decks)

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