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MICRO ADYA > STIs- path guide > Flashcards

STIs- path guide Flashcards

1
Q

Which STIs cause discharge?

A
  1. chlamydia
  2. gonorrhoea
  3. TV
  4. candida
  5. BV
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2
Q

Which STIs cause ulceration?

A
  1. Syphyllis: painless
  2. HSV- painful
  3. LGV
  4. Chancroid
  5. DOnovanosis
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3
Q

Which STis cause rashes, lumps, growths?

A

Genital warts: HPV

Molluscum contagiosum

Scabies

Pubic lice

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4
Q

Description of neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

obligate intracellular gram negative diplococcus

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5
Q

WHat is the most common STI in europe?

A

Gonococcal urethrtitis

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6
Q

Uncomplicated gonococcal infection in men

A
  1. gonococcal urethritis
  2. post-gonococcal urethritis - happens following treatment. prevented by concomitant treatment with a tetracylcine
  3. rectal proctitis - mainly in MSM
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7
Q

Uncomplicated gonococcal infection in women

A

mucopurluent cervicitis

  • erythema and oedema
  • urethra (baginal leakage)
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8
Q

what type of discharge do you get in gonoccoal infection?

A

mucopurulent

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9
Q

Examples of complicated gonoccocal infection in men and women

A

Men: prostatitis

Women: PID (salpingitis) - i.e. ascending infection

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10
Q

What can gonorrhoea lead to in baby if left untreated in mother?

A

neonatal conjunctivitis

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11
Q

Diagnosis of gonorrhoea

A

*can culture but doesn’t grow very easily*

hence you do NAAT from genital swabs/urine sample

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12
Q

Treatment of gonorrhoea

A

SINGLE DOSE IM ceftriaxone

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13
Q

Description of chlamydia trachomatis

A

Obligate intracellular gram -ve pathogen

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14
Q

How do you culture chlamydia?

A

Cannot be cultured on agar

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15
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia

A

Often asymptomatic

If it does cause symptoms then these would include:

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16
Q

Classification of chalmydia

A

Classification:
o Serovars A, B, C: trachoma (infection of the eyes which can cause blindness)

o Serovars D-K: genital chlamydia, ophthalmia neonatorum

  • serovars L1, L2, l3: LGV
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17
Q

Diagnosis of chlamydia

A

Diagnosis: NAAT (nucleic acid amplification tests) from genital swabs or urine test

**can’t culture on agar**

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18
Q

Treatment of chlamydia

A

azithromycin stat (1mg) OR doxycycline 100mg 7 days (BD)

**learn the doses**

(Gynae- doxycycline first line, second line is azithromycin stat)

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19
Q

Complications of chalmydia infection

A

PID à tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain o Epididymitis o Reiter’s syndrome o Adult conjunctivitis, ophthalmia neonatorum

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20
Q

What causes LGV?

A

Lymphatic infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: serovars L1, L2 and L3
• Endemic in parts of developing world. More recently MSM in developed world

21
Q

Sx of LGV

A

Early LGV (1° stage): 3-12 days, painless genital ulcer, proctitis, balanitis,
cervicitis

o Early LGV (2° stage): 2wks – 6 months, painful inguinal buboes, fever,
malaise
§ Rarely: hepatitis, meningo-encephalisis, pneumonitis
48
o Late LGV: inguinal lymphadenopathy, genital elephantiasis, genital and
perianal ulcers / abscesses, frozen pelvis

o Current LGV outbreak: rectal symptoms / proctitis (pain, tenesmus, bleeding)

22
Q

Treatment of LGV

A

doxycycline 100mg BD for 3wk

23
Q

What cuases syphyllis?

A

Treponema pallidum

24
Q

Description of treponema pallidum

A

Obligate gram-negative spirochaete

25
Q

Stages of syphllis

A

PRIMARY: painless ulcer (chancre)

SECONDARY: systemic, soles (palms and soles)

TERTIARY: three diff characteristic syndromes (gummatous, cardiac, neuro)

Argyl roberston pupil:accommodates but doesn’t react to light

26
Q

Microscopy findings of syphlis

A

treponemes seen on dark ground microscopy

27
Q

Blood tests for syphyllis

A

**need to do both non-treponemal and treponemal for diagnosis because non-treponemal, even tho less specific will show you if you currently have the infection, whereas trepnonemal, while more specific, will stay positive for years even after you’ve cleared the infection **

28
Q
A
29
Q

Treatment of syphlis

A
30
Q

What causes chancroid?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

31
Q

What type of organism is Haemophilus ducreyi?

A

. Gram -ve coccobacillus (like Hib)

32
Q

Which agar does haemophilus ducreyi grow in?

A

chocolate agar

33
Q

What type of ulcers does chancroid cause?

A

painful ulcers

34
Q

What causes donovanosis?

A

Klebsiella granulomati

35
Q

WHat type of bacteria is klebsiella granulomatosis?

A

Gram negative bacillus

36
Q

Stain for donovanosis

A

Diagnosis: Giemsa stain of biopsy or tissue crush. Donovan bodies

37
Q

What type of uclers does donovanosis cause?

A

Large beefy red ulcers

38
Q

Treatment of donovanosis

A

Azithromycin

39
Q

What is trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Flagellated protozoan

i.e. not a bacterium****

40
Q

CLassic symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis

A
  • *Men:** usually asymptomatic, sometimes urethritis
  • *Females:** discharge, strawberry cervix
41
Q

Treatment of trichomonas

A

metronidazole

42
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

Abnormal vaginal flora, polymicrobial, ↓lactobacilli.
• Discharge, odour
• Sexually associated, not transmitted. Associated with hygiene practices (soaps)
• Diagnosis: microscopy of gram stain, raised pH, whiff test, clue cells
• Treatment: lifestyle - just use water for washing (no soaps). Metronidazole PO/topical

43
Q

Candidasis

A

Usually Candida albicans, yeast
• Thick white discharge (“cottage cheese”), itching, soreness, redness
• Vulvovaginitis in women, balanitis in men
• Not sexually transmitted; can be part of normal flora
• Associated with immunodeficiency (incl. pregnancy, DM), hygiene practices (soaps)
• Treatment: PO / topical antifungals, e.g. clotrimazole or fluconazole

44
Q

What type of virus is molluscum contagiosum?

A

pox virus - dsDNA

45
Q

Description of mollsucum contagiosum

A

Small papules with central punctum

46
Q

How is molluscum contagiosum spread in children vs adults?

A

Children: skin to skin contact

Adults: sexually transmitted

47
Q

Treatment of molluscum

A

usually don’t need therapy

can use cryptherapy if persistent/extensive

48
Q

Which forms of HPV cause genital warts?

A

HPV6 and HPV 11

**not associated with

49
Q

Treatment of genital warts

A

Home treatment – Podophyllotoxin solution or cream. Not for pregnant women • Clinic treatment – Cryotherapy. 2nd line – Imiquimod

MICRO ADYA (22 decks)

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