sulphonylureas

Question 1

how does sulphonylureas work?

Answer 1

glucose stimulated insulin secretion

Question 2

how does glucose stimulated insulin secretion occur?

Answer 2

Glucose metabolism
leads to
Rise in intracellular ATP from glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism
leads to
Closure of ATP sensitive K channel (KATP)
leads to
Rise in membrane potential triggers Voltage gated Calcium channel
leads to
Calcium influx leads to insulin exocytosis

Question 3

what cells do sulphonylureas act upon?

Answer 3

pancreatic beta cells

Question 4

are sulphonylureas glucose independent?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

what does glucose independent mean?

Answer 5

secretes insulin even when it is not needed, which can result in hypoglycemia

Question 6

sulphonylureas cause weight loss-true or walse

Answer 6

false-weight gain

Question 7

what is the most common sulphonylureas?

Answer 7

gliclazide

Question 8

what is the starting dose of gliclazide?

Answer 8

40-80mg od

Question 9

what is the max dose of gliclizide?

Answer 9

160mg bd

Question 10

sulphonylureas side effects

Answer 10

hypoglycemia
-caution in the elderly
caution where hypoglycemia is a risk eg in a lorry driver

Question 11

why do sulphonylureas cause weight gain?

Answer 11

insulin conc is increased
insulin is anabolic and that causes increased carb storage

Question 12

is sulphonylurea used for T1 or T2?

Answer 12

T2