Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine lectures > pathology of pituitary and adrenal > Flashcards

pathology of pituitary and adrenal Flashcards

1
Q

where is the anterior pituitary gland derived from?

A

rathke’s pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is secreted from the anterior pituitary?

A

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
GH and Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is secreted from the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what causes hyperfunction of the anterior pituitary?

A

Adenoma
Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what causes hypofunction of the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Surgery/radiation
Sudden Haemorrhage into gland
Ischaemic necrosis
-Sheehan Syndrome
Tumours extending into sella
Inflammatory conditions (Sarcoidosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the most common pituitary adenoma?

A

prolactinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the symptoms of prolactinoma?

A

Infertility, lack of libido, amenorrhea (25% amenorrhoea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do growth hormone secreting adenomas do?

A

Stimulates growth of bone, cartilage and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the symptoms of a growth hormone adenoma?

A

Gigantism or acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is seen in an ACTH secreting tumour?

A

Cushing’s disease – wide range of signs and symptoms
Usually a micro-adenoma
Bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the features of craniopharyngioma?

A

Slow growing, often cystic, may calcify
Some arise within the sella but most suprasellar
Bimodal incidence
5 -15 years age
6th – 7th decades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the symptoms of a craniopharyngioma?

A

headaches and visual growth disturbance
(children may have growth retardation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

true or false, craniopharyngioma have a poor prognosis

A

False
excellent prognosis esp if <5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an example of a posterior pituitary syndrome?

A

diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what causes diabetes insipidus?

A

ADH deficiency
Trauma (including surgery), tumours and inflammatory disorders of hypothalamus and pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

are adrenal glands bilateral?

A

yes

17
Q

where are the adrenal glands?

A

sit superiorly and medially to the upper pole of the kidneys

18
Q

what are the three zones of the adrenal gland cortex?

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

19
Q

what is secreted from the zona glomerulosa?

A

Mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone

20
Q

what is secreted from the zona fasciculata?

A

Glucocorticoids
Cortisol

21
Q

what is secreted from the zona reticularis?

A

sex steroids
glucocorticoids

22
Q

what is the medulla of the adrenal gland?

A

the central core

23
Q

what is the medulla innervated by?

A

pre-synaptic fibres from sympathetic nervous system

24
Q

what do neuroendocrine (chromaffin) cells secrete?

A

secrete catecholamines

25
Q

who is usually affected by adrenocortical tumours?

A

mainly adults
males and females are affected equally

26
Q

how do adrenocortical tumours usually present?

A

Incidental finding (radiology, autopsy)
Hormonal effects
Mass lesion
Carcinomas with necrosis can cause fever

27
Q

which is more common, an adrenocortical carcinoma or adenoma?

A

adenoma

28
Q

what are features suggestive of an adrenocortical carcinoma?

A

Large size (>50g, often >20cm)
Haemorrhage and necrosis
Frequent mitoses, atypical mitoses
Lack of clear cells
Capsular or vascular invasion

29
Q

what are the symptoms of addisons disease?

A

Weakness, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, diarrhoea
Pigmentation (raised POMC) – not seen in hypopituitarism

30
Q

does addisons disease decrease mineral corticosteroids?

A

yes
Hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, volume depletion and hypotension

31
Q

what does addisons crisis look like?

A

Stress – infection, trauma, surgery
Vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension, shock and death

32
Q

when is a neuroblastoma ususally diagnosed?

A

18 months, 40% diagnosed in infancy

33
Q

what % of neuroblastomas arise in the adrenal medulla?

A

40%

34
Q

what predicts a poor outcome in a neuroblastoma?

A

Amplification of N-myc & expression of telomerase predict a poor outcome

35
Q

what is the 10% tumour?

A

phaeochromocytoma

36
Q

why is phaeochromocytoma known as the 10% tumour?

A

10% are extra adrenal
10% are bilateral
10% are biologically malignant
10% are not associated with hypertension

37
Q

what % of phaeochromocytoma are familial?

A

25%

Endocrine lectures (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions