Sulphanomides

Question 1

From which compound Are sulfanamides derived from

Answer 1

Para- aminobenzene sulphonamide

Question 2

Classify sulphonamides

Answer 2

1. Systemic acting
2. local acting
3. others

Question 3

Name systemic acting Sulphonamides

Answer 3

1. Short acting- sulphadiazine
2. Intermediate- sulphamethoxazole
3. Long - sulphadoxine

Question 4

Name local acting sulphonamides

Answer 4

1. Sulphacetamide
2. Silver sulphadizine
3. Mafenide

Question 5

Name a Sulphonamides that acts both locally and systemically

Answer 5

Sulphasalazine

Question 6

What is the mechanism of action of Sulphonamides

Answer 6

PABA is a precursor of folic acid which is essential to growth of bacteria.

Sulphonamides are similar to PABA and competitively inhibit folate synthetase enzyme and prevents information folic acid

Question 7

In what compounds are Sulphonamides not effective

Answer 7

1. Pus (it is rich in PABA)
2. Purines
3. Thymidine
   

Question 8

Which enzyme is inhibited by sulphonamides

Answer 8

Folate synthetase enzyme 

Question 9

What are the possible reasons for Sulphonamides resistance

Answer 9

1. Decreased affinity of Folate synthetase
2. Efflux Of drug
3. Development of alternate metabolic pathway for folate synthesis

Question 10

Which process metabolizes sulphonamides in the liver

Answer 10

Acetylation

Question 11

What are the pharmacokinetics off  Sulphonamides

Answer 11

1. Distributed in the whole body including CSF
2. cross placental barrier
3. Bound to plasma proteins especially albumin
4. Metabolized in the liver

Question 12

What are the adverse effects of Sulphonamides

Answer 12

1. Acetylated products are Poorly soluble in acidic urine. Cause crystalluria, hematouria, or obstruction of UT
2. Hypersensitivity (Skin rashes, itching, fever and Steven Johnson syndrome)
3. Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency hemolytic anaemia
4. Can cause hepatitis and suppression of bone marrow
5. In babies can cause displacement of bilirubin and kernicterus

Question 13

Sulphonamides inhibit the metabolism of which drugs and prevents them from plasma protein binding

Answer 13

1. Phenytoin
2. Methotrexate
3. oral anticoagulants
4. oral hypoglycaemic agents

Question 14

What are the therapeutic uses of sulphonamides

Answer 14

1. Chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria
2. Toxoplasmosis
3. Nocardiosis
4. P. Jiroveci In patients with AIDS
5. Ophthalmic infections
6. prevent infections of burn wounds
7. inflammatory bowel disease
8. rheumatic arthritis
9. prophylaxis of rheumatic fever
   

Question 15

Which drugs are used to treat choloroquinone resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria

Answer 15

Sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine used in combination with artesunate

Question 16

Which drugs are used for toxoplasmosis

Answer 16

Sulphadiazine and pyrimethamine in combination

Question 17

What are the uses of using sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim in combination?

Answer 17

1. Nocardiosis
2. Treatment of P. Jiroveci infections in burn patients

Question 18

Sodium salt and sulphacetamide Are used for the treatment of what 

Answer 18

Ophthalmic infections

Question 19

Which combination of drug is used for preventing infection of Burn wounds

Answer 19

Silver sulfadiazine and mafenide

Question 20

Which sulphonamide is useful and inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 20

Sulphasalazine

Question 21

Prophylaxis of rheumatic fever is done by using which drug

Answer 21

Sulphadiazine