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Pharmacology ChemoTherapeutics > cephalosporins > Flashcards

cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

What type of nucleus the cephalosporins have

A

7-aminocephalosporanic acid nucleus

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2
Q

How do we classify cephalosporins

A
  1. First generation
  2. second generation
  3. third generation
  4. fourth generation
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3
Q

Name first generation cephalosporins

A
  1. Cephalexin
  2. cefadroxil
  3. cefazolin
  4. cephalothin
  5. Cephradine 
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4
Q

Name second generation cephalosporin

A
  1. Cefaclor
  2. Cefuroxime axetil
  3. Cefuroxime
  4. cefoxitin
  5. cefotetan
  6. cefprozil 
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5
Q

Name third generation cephalosporins

A
  1. Cefixime
  2. cefpodoxime proxetil 
  3. cefotaxime
  4. ceftriaxone
  5. Cefoperazone
  6. Ceftazidime
  7. Ceftizoxime
  8. Cefdinir
  9. Ceftibuten
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6
Q

Name fourth Generation cephalosporins

A
  1. Cefepime
  2. Cefpirome
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7
Q

Which groups of cephalosporins protective against pseudomonas and salmonella

A
  1. Third generation
  2. fourth generation
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8
Q

Which third generation cephalosporins are active against pseudomonas

A
  1. Cefoperazone
  2. Ceftazidime
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9
Q

Which third generation of cephalosporins are active against salmonella

A
  1. Ceftriaxone
  2. Cefoperazone 
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10
Q

Which generation of cephalosporins are most susceptible to beta -Lactamases 

A
  1. First generation cephalosporins
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11
Q

What generation of cephalosporins is unable to cross the blood brain barrier

A

First generation cephalosporins

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12
Q

What are the uses of first generation cephalosporins

A
  1. Surgical prophylaxis
  2. skin and soft tissue infections caused by streptococci and staphylococcus aureus
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13
Q

What are the uses of second generation cephalosporins

A
  1. Respiratory tract infections: otitis media and sinusitis
  2. Cefoxitin and cefotetan preferred for mixed intra abdominal and pelvic infections
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14
Q

What are the uses of third And forth generation cephalosporins

A

Gram-negative infections like
1. Pyelonephritis
2. Community acquired pneumonia
3. gonorrhoea
4. typhoid fever
5. meningitis caused by meningococci and H influenza
6. mixed anaerobic and aerobic infections
7. septicaemia
8. nosocomial infections

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15
Q

Which dogs are used for pyelonephritis my gram-negative organisms

A

Ceftriaxone

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16
Q

Which drugs are used for community acquired pneumonia

A
  1. Ceftriaxone
  2. cefotaxime 
17
Q

What is the drug of choice for gonorrhoea 

A

Ceftriaxone

18
Q

What is the drug of choice for typhoid fever

A
  1. Ceftriaxone
  2. Cefoperazone 
19
Q

What is the drug of choice of meningitis

A
  1. Ceftriaxone
  2. cefotaxime 
20
Q

What are the adverse effects of cephalosporins

A
  1. Hypersensitivity: skin rashes rarely anaphylaxis
  2. G.I. disturbances: diarrhea, vomiting and anorexia
  3. nephrotoxicity
  4. pain at site of injection IV cephalosporins. Can cause thrombophlebitis
  5. in tolerance to alcohol
  6. severe bleeding due to hypoprothrominanaemia or thrombocytopaenia
21
Q

Which antibiotic is recommended for severe forms or late stages of Lyme disease

A

Ceftriaxone

Pharmacology ChemoTherapeutics (7 decks)

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