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pcol > sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and quinolones > Flashcards

sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and quinolones Flashcards

1
Q

Competitive inhibitors of Dihydropteroate synthase

A

Sulfonamides

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2
Q

Selective inhibitor of bacterial Dihydrofolate reductase

A

Trimethoprim

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3
Q

Sequential blockade of folate synthesis

A

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole)

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4
Q

Act as substrates for dihydropteroate synthase, producing nonfunctional forms of folate

A

Sulfonamides

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5
Q

Prevents formation of active tetrahydrofolate (THF)

A

Trimethoprim

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6
Q

Sulfonamides for simple UTI

A

Triple sulfa, Sulfisoxazole

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7
Q

Drug for ocular infection

A

Sulfacetamide

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8
Q

Drug for burn infections

A

Mafenide, Silver Sulfadiazine

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9
Q

Drug for ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis

A

Sulfasalazine

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10
Q

Drug for burn wounds but causes metabolic acidosis

A

Mafenide acetate

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11
Q

First line for acute toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethimine

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12
Q

Second line antimalarial agent

A

Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine (Fansinadir)

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13
Q

DOC for pjp, toxoplasma, nocardiosis

A

Co-trimoxazole

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14
Q

3 separate sulfonamides used to reduce the likelihood of precipitating

A

Triple sulfa

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15
Q

Adverse effects: Steven Johnson Syndrome, hemolytic anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, kernicterus

A

Sulfonamides

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16
Q

Adverse effects: Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia,
Mild elevation of blood creatinine

A

Trimethoprim

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17
Q

What happens to sulfonamide when urine is acidic

A

Precipitates to sulfonamide crystals, decreased solubility

18
Q

Sulfonamides drug interaction

A

Competition with warfarin and methotrexate for plasma binding

19
Q

Trapped in acidic environment, good for prostatitis treatment

A

Trimethoprim

20
Q

Interferes with bacterial DNA synthesis
Inhibits Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and Topoisomerase IV

A

Fluoroquinolones

21
Q

Activity: Gram (+), Gram (-), Enhanced activity against Anaerobes

A

4th gen: moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin

22
Q

Activity: Slightly less active against gram (-), Greater activity against gram (+) cocci

A

3rd gen: levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, sparfloxacin

23
Q

Activity: Greater activity against gram (-), Atypical organisms (M. pneumoniae)

A

2nd gen: ciprofloxacin

24
Q

Activity: against common pathogens that cause UTI

A

1st gen: norfloxacin

25
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia

A

2nd gen: ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin

26
Q

Fluoroquinolone for typical and atypical pneumonia

A

3rd gen: levofloxacin

27
Q

Fluoroquinolone that has activity against: gram (+), penicillin resistant pneumococci

A

3rd gen: sparfloxacin

28
Q

Used in meningococcal carrier state
Tuberculosis
Prophylactic management of neutropenic patients

A

4th gen: moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin

29
Q

Adverse effects: photosensitivity

A

Lomefloxacin, Pefloxacin

30
Q

Adverse effects: QT prolongation

A

Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Moxifloxacin

31
Q

Adverse effects: hyper or hypoglycemia

A

Gatifloxacin

32
Q

Adverse effects: Hepatotoxic

A

Trovafloxacin

33
Q

Adverse effects: Cardiac arrhythmia, photosensitivity

A

Sparfloxacin

34
Q

Short-acting sulfonamide

A

Sulfisozaxole

35
Q

Intermediate-acting sulfonamide

A

Sulfamethoxasole

36
Q

Long-acting sulfonamide

A

Sulfadoxine

37
Q

Has MRSA Activity

A

Co-Trimoxazole
3rd gen fluoroquinolones

38
Q

Fluoroquinolone with the longest half-life

A

Moxifloxacin (9-10 hrs)

39
Q

Earliest fluoroquinolone

A

Nalidixic acid

40
Q

Respiratory quinolone

A

Levofloxacin

pcol (6 decks)

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