antimycobacterial drugs

Question 1

Rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria that are intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics

Answer 1

Mycobacteria

Question 2

Used to stain mycobacteria

Answer 2

Acid-fast staining

Question 3

Gives out the red color when stained, indicative of presence of high lipids

Answer 3

Carbol-fuschin

Question 4

Causative agent of PTB and EPTB

Answer 4

M. tuberculosis

Question 5

Causative agent Leprosy

Answer 5

M. leprae

Question 6

Used for BCG vaccination
Prevents severe forms of tuberculosis

Answer 6

M. bovis

Question 7

Causative agent of disseminated infection, pulmonary infections
Common in immunocompromised states/HIV

Answer 7

Mycobacterium avium complex

Question 8

2nd line drug used in combination for life-threatening TB
Meningitis
Miliary TB
Other EPTB

Answer 8

Streptomycin

Question 9

For TB caused by streptomycin-resistant or MDR-TB

Answer 9

Amikacin

Question 10

Fluoroquinolones active against strains of MTB resistant to first-line agents

Answer 10

Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin

Question 11

2nd line drug that is a congener of INH, causes severe GI irritation and neurologic toxicity

Answer 11

Ethionamide

Question 12

Duration of intensive phase

Answer 12

2 months

Question 13

Duration of continuation or maintenance phase

Answer 13

4 months and above

Question 14

Why are bone, spine, cartilage TB treated for 1 yr

Answer 14

Harder to penetrate
Poor blood flow

Question 15

Treatment plan for TB 1st timers

Answer 15

2HRZE, 4HR

Question 16

Treatment plan for TB 2nd timers

Answer 16

HRZE might not be enough
Modify plan and add 2nd line drugs

Question 17

MTB strains that are resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin

Answer 17

MDR-TB

Question 18

Extremely drug resistant strains

Answer 18

XDR-TB

Question 19

What does DOTS stand for

Answer 19

Directly Observed Treatment Strategy

Question 20

How many sputum specimens are taken for testing? What is the time interval?

Answer 20

2 specimens, 60 mins interval

Question 21

Molecular technique that detects the presence of mycobacteria and Rifampicin resistance

Answer 21

Gene expert

Question 22

Inhibits enzymes required for mycolic acid synthesis

Answer 22

Isoniazid

Question 23

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Answer 23

Rifampicin

Question 24

Inhibits arabinosyltransferase enzyme needed for cell wall synthesis

Answer 24

Ethambutol

Question 25

Bactericidal Agents

Answer 25

Isoniazid, Rifampicin

Question 26

TB Bacteriostatic Agents

Answer 26

Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide

Question 27

Catalase peroxidase bioactivation of INH Inactivates isoniazid

Answer 27

katG gene

Question 28

Enzyme acyl carrier reductase

Answer 28

inhA gene

Question 29

Can be used alone for LTBI (latent tb infection) given for close contacts

Answer 29

Isoniazid

Question 30

Causes peripheral neuritis and hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients

Answer 30

Isoniazid

Question 31

Given as a supplement to prevent restlessness, muscle twitches, insomnia

Answer 31

Pyridoxine (vit b6)

Question 32

R Analog preferred for AIDS patients

Answer 32

Rifabutin

Question 33

R Analog given to those with Traveler’s diarrhea

Answer 33

Rifaximin

Question 34

Causes Red-orange pee and induces liver drug-metabolizing agents Other effects: Skin rashes, thrombocytopenia, nephritis, liver dysfunction, Flu-like symptoms, anemia

Answer 34

Rifampicin

Question 35

TB Drug that needs dose adjustment/reduction for those with renal failure

Answer 35

Ethambutol

Question 36

What gene mutates when ethambutol is used alone

Answer 36

emb gene

Question 37

Causes visual disturbances: decreased acuity, R-G colorblindness, optic neuritis, retinal damage Other effects: Headache, confusion, hyperuricemia, peripheral neuritis

Answer 37

Ethambutol

Question 38

TB Drug capable of penetrating CNS

Answer 38

Pyrazinamide

Question 39

Causes Joint pains and Asymptomatic hyperuricemia Other effects: Myalgia, Gi irritation, rash, hepatic dysfunction

Answer 39

Pyrazinamide

Question 40

First line TB drug not given when patient is pregnant

Answer 40

Pyrazinamide

Question 41

Most active drug against M. leprae

Answer 41

Dapsone

Question 42

Inhibits folic acid synthesis

Answer 42

Dapsone

Question 43

Provides inhibitory plasma concentrations Alternative drug for P. carinii pneumonia in HIV patients

Answer 43

Acedapsone

Question 44

Dapsone toxicity

Answer 44

Methemoglobinemia and Hemolysis in G6PD patients

Question 45

Clofazimine toxicity

Answer 45

Discoloration of the skin and conjunctiva

Question 46

Stored widely in reticuloendothelial tissues and skin

Answer 46

Clofazimine

Question 47

Half-life of clofazimine

Answer 47

2 months

Question 48

Phenazine dye used for multibacillary leprosy

Answer 48

Clofazimine

Question 49

Drugs for NTM

Answer 49

Tetracyclines Macrolides Sulfonamides

Question 50

Treatment of MAC

Answer 50

Azithromycin/Clarithromycin + Ethambutol/Rifabutin

Question 51

MAC prophylaxis

Answer 51

Azithromycin/Clarithromycin