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antimycobacterial drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria that are intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics

A

Mycobacteria

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2
Q

Used to stain mycobacteria

A

Acid-fast staining

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3
Q

Gives out the red color when stained, indicative of presence of high lipids

A

Carbol-fuschin

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4
Q

Causative agent of PTB and EPTB

A

M. tuberculosis

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5
Q

Causative agent Leprosy

A

M. leprae

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6
Q

Used for BCG vaccination
Prevents severe forms of tuberculosis

A

M. bovis

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7
Q

Causative agent of disseminated infection, pulmonary infections
Common in immunocompromised states/HIV

A

Mycobacterium avium complex

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8
Q

2nd line drug used in combination for life-threatening TB
Meningitis
Miliary TB
Other EPTB

A

Streptomycin

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9
Q

For TB caused by streptomycin-resistant or MDR-TB

A

Amikacin

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10
Q

Fluoroquinolones active against strains of MTB resistant to first-line agents

A

Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin

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11
Q

2nd line drug that is a congener of INH, causes severe GI irritation and neurologic toxicity

A

Ethionamide

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12
Q

Duration of intensive phase

A

2 months

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13
Q

Duration of continuation or maintenance phase

A

4 months and above

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14
Q

Why are bone, spine, cartilage TB treated for 1 yr

A

Harder to penetrate
Poor blood flow

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15
Q

Treatment plan for TB 1st timers

A

2HRZE, 4HR

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16
Q

Treatment plan for TB 2nd timers

A

HRZE might not be enough
Modify plan and add 2nd line drugs

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17
Q

MTB strains that are resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin

A

MDR-TB

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18
Q

Extremely drug resistant strains

A

XDR-TB

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19
Q

What does DOTS stand for

A

Directly Observed Treatment Strategy

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20
Q

How many sputum specimens are taken for testing? What is the time interval?

A

2 specimens, 60 mins interval

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21
Q

Molecular technique that detects the presence of mycobacteria and Rifampicin resistance

A

Gene expert

22
Q

Inhibits enzymes required for mycolic acid synthesis

A

Isoniazid

23
Q

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

A

Rifampicin

24
Q

Inhibits arabinosyltransferase enzyme needed for cell wall synthesis

A

Ethambutol

25
Q

Bactericidal Agents

A

Isoniazid, Rifampicin

26
Q

TB Bacteriostatic Agents

A

Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide

27
Q

Catalase peroxidase bioactivation of INH
Inactivates isoniazid

A

katG gene

28
Q

Enzyme acyl carrier reductase

A

inhA gene

29
Q

Can be used alone for LTBI (latent tb infection) given for close contacts

A

Isoniazid

30
Q

Causes peripheral neuritis and hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients

A

Isoniazid

31
Q

Given as a supplement to prevent restlessness, muscle twitches, insomnia

A

Pyridoxine (vit b6)

32
Q

R Analog preferred for AIDS patients

A

Rifabutin

33
Q

R Analog given to those with Traveler’s diarrhea

A

Rifaximin

34
Q

Causes Red-orange pee and induces liver drug-metabolizing agents

Other effects: Skin rashes, thrombocytopenia, nephritis, liver dysfunction, Flu-like symptoms, anemia

A

Rifampicin

35
Q

TB Drug that needs dose adjustment/reduction for those with renal failure

A

Ethambutol

36
Q

What gene mutates when ethambutol is used alone

A

emb gene

37
Q

Causes visual disturbances: decreased acuity, R-G colorblindness, optic neuritis, retinal damage

Other effects: Headache, confusion, hyperuricemia, peripheral neuritis

A

Ethambutol

38
Q

TB Drug capable of penetrating CNS

A

Pyrazinamide

39
Q

Causes Joint pains and Asymptomatic hyperuricemia

Other effects: Myalgia, Gi irritation, rash, hepatic dysfunction

A

Pyrazinamide

40
Q

First line TB drug not given when patient is pregnant

A

Pyrazinamide

41
Q

Most active drug against M. leprae

A

Dapsone

42
Q

Inhibits folic acid synthesis

A

Dapsone

43
Q

Provides inhibitory plasma concentrations
Alternative drug for P. carinii pneumonia in HIV patients

A

Acedapsone

44
Q

Dapsone toxicity

A

Methemoglobinemia and Hemolysis in G6PD patients

45
Q

Clofazimine toxicity

A

Discoloration of the skin and conjunctiva

46
Q

Stored widely in reticuloendothelial tissues and skin

A

Clofazimine

47
Q

Half-life of clofazimine

A

2 months

48
Q

Phenazine dye used for multibacillary leprosy

A

Clofazimine

49
Q

Drugs for NTM

A

Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Sulfonamides

50
Q

Treatment of MAC

A

Azithromycin/Clarithromycin + Ethambutol/Rifabutin

51
Q

MAC prophylaxis

A

Azithromycin/Clarithromycin

pcol (6 decks)

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