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beta lactams and cwi Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics for immunocompromised patients

A

Bactericidal

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2
Q

Antibiotics for immunocompetent patients

A

Bacteriostatic

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3
Q

Confers antimicrobial property of antibiotics

A

Beta-lactam ring

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4
Q

Used in combination with antibacterials to protect hydrolyzable penicillins from inactivation

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

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5
Q

Enzymes that hydrolyze beta-lactam rings

A

Beta-lactamases

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6
Q

Lowest concentration of antibacterials that can inhibit microorganism growth

A

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

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7
Q

Receptors for penicillin and other beta-lactams

A

Penicillin-binding Proteins (PBPs)

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8
Q

Chains of polysaccharides that form the cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan

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9
Q

Enzymes involved in cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains

A

Transpeptidases

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10
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor DOC for UTI or uncomplicated cystitis

A

Fosfomycin

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11
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor DOC for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

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12
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor DOC for skin infections

A

Bacitracin

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13
Q

Inhibits tubular excretion of penicillin

A

Probenecid

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14
Q

Penicillins partly excreted in bile

A

Ampicillin and Nafcillin

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15
Q

Penicillins that can cross BBB when meninges are inflamed

A

Procaine and Benzathine Penicillin G

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16
Q

Is penicillin bacteriostatic or bactericidal

A

Bactericidal

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17
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by:
binding to PBPs
inhibiting transpeptidases
activating autolytic enzymes to cause lesions in the cell wall

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18
Q

Gene that causes mutation in PBP’s

A

mecA gene mutates PBP to PBP2A, which has less affinity to drugs

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19
Q

Narrow spectrum, penicillinase-susceptible drugs

A

Penicillin G, Penicillin V

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20
Q

Penicillin DOC for syphilis

A

Penicillin G

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21
Q

Most sensitive to penicillinases

A

Penicillin V

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22
Q

Most resistant to penicillinase

A

Oxacillin

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23
Q

Very narrow spectrum, penicillinase resistant

A

Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

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24
Q

Penicillin causing interstitial nephritis

A

Methicillin

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25
Q

Wider spectrum, penicillinase-susceptible

A

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin

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26
Q

Bacteria causing otitis media

A

M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae

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27
Q

Penicillins with pseudomonal activity

A

Piperacillin, Ticarcillin

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28
Q

Penicillin causing neutropenia

A

Naficillin

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29
Q

Penicillin causing maculopapular rashes

A

Ampicillin

30
Q

Caused by wide spectrum antibiotics that kill good gut bacteria

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

31
Q

First gen cephalosporins

A

Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefadroxil
Cephalotin
Cephadrine
Cephapirin

32
Q

Second gen cephalosporins

A

Cefuroxime
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
Cefamandole

33
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Cefoperazone
Ceftazidime
Cefixime

34
Q

4th gen cephalosporin

35
Q

5th gen cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline

36
Q

Cephalosporins excreted biliary

A

Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone

37
Q

Cephalosporins taken parenterally (not oral)

A

Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime

38
Q

Cephalosporin used for surgical prophylaxis

39
Q

Cephalosporin with dermatological uses

A

Cephalexin

40
Q

Cephalosporins with anaerobic properties; effective against B. fragilis

A

Cefotetan, Cefoxitin (2nd gen)
Ceftizoxime (3rd gen)

41
Q

Cephalosporins effective against H. influenzae or M. catarrhalis

A

Cefamandole, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor

42
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins that cannot penetrate BBB

A

Cefoperazone and Cefixime

43
Q

Cephalosporins that have pseudomonal activity

A

Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime

44
Q

Cephalosporins for gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone (IV), Cefixime (oral)

45
Q

Cephalosporin for Otitis media

A

Ceftriaxone

46
Q

Cephalosporin that has no MRSA activity but has pseudomonal activity

47
Q

Cephalosporins with Methylthiotetrazole group

A

Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, Cefotetan

48
Q

Causes Hypoprothrombinemia and disulfiram-like reactions when combined with ethanol

A

Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, Cefotetan

49
Q

Monobactam that is a last resort drug

50
Q

MOA of Aztreonam

A

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis by binding to PBP3

51
Q

Carbapenems with pseudomonal activity

A

Imipenem and Meropenem

52
Q

DOC for Enterobacter

A

Carbapenems

53
Q

Inactivated by renal dehydropeptidase I

54
Q

Taken with imipenem, inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I and Inhibits formation of nephrotoxic metabolites

A

Cilastatin

55
Q

Carbapenem that is CNS toxic

56
Q

Similar to Imipenem but not metabolized by renal dehydropeptidase

57
Q

Carbapenem without (less) pseudomonal activity

58
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam

59
Q

Binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the nascent peptidoglycan pentapeptide side chain

A

Vancomycin

60
Q

Antimetabolite inhibitor of cytosolic enol pyruvate transferase

A

Fosfomycin

61
Q

Prevents the formation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

A

Fosfomycin

62
Q

Inhibits transglycosylation
Prevents elongation of peptidoglycan chain

A

Vancomycin

63
Q

Interferes with late-stage cell wall synthesis in gram (+) organisms

A

Bacitracin

64
Q

Blocks incorporation of D-Ala into the pentapeptide side chain

A

Cycloserine

65
Q

Given for bacterial enterocolitis

A

Vancomycin

66
Q

Red man syndrome

A

Vancomycin

67
Q

How does vancomycin resistance form

A

replacement of D-Ala by D-lactate

68
Q

Ototoxic and Nephrotoxic Cell wall inhibitor

A

Vancomycin

69
Q

Cell wall inhibitor that is 2nd line drug for TB

A

Cycloserine

70
Q

Neurotoxic Cell wall inhibitor

A

Cycloserine

pcol (6 decks)

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