beta lactams and cwi Flashcards
Antibiotics for immunocompromised patients
Bactericidal
Antibiotics for immunocompetent patients
Bacteriostatic
Confers antimicrobial property of antibiotics
Beta-lactam ring
Used in combination with antibacterials to protect hydrolyzable penicillins from inactivation
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
Enzymes that hydrolyze beta-lactam rings
Beta-lactamases
Lowest concentration of antibacterials that can inhibit microorganism growth
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
Receptors for penicillin and other beta-lactams
Penicillin-binding Proteins (PBPs)
Chains of polysaccharides that form the cell wall
Peptidoglycan
Enzymes involved in cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains
Transpeptidases
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor DOC for UTI or uncomplicated cystitis
Fosfomycin
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor DOC for MRSA
Vancomycin
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor DOC for skin infections
Bacitracin
Inhibits tubular excretion of penicillin
Probenecid
Penicillins partly excreted in bile
Ampicillin and Nafcillin
Penicillins that can cross BBB when meninges are inflamed
Procaine and Benzathine Penicillin G
Is penicillin bacteriostatic or bactericidal
Bactericidal
Penicillin MOA
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by:
binding to PBPs
inhibiting transpeptidases
activating autolytic enzymes to cause lesions in the cell wall
Gene that causes mutation in PBP’s
mecA gene mutates PBP to PBP2A, which has less affinity to drugs
Narrow spectrum, penicillinase-susceptible drugs
Penicillin G, Penicillin V
Penicillin DOC for syphilis
Penicillin G
Most sensitive to penicillinases
Penicillin V
Most resistant to penicillinase
Oxacillin
Very narrow spectrum, penicillinase resistant
Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin
Penicillin causing interstitial nephritis
Methicillin
Wider spectrum, penicillinase-susceptible
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin
Bacteria causing otitis media
M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae
Penicillins with pseudomonal activity
Piperacillin, Ticarcillin
Penicillin causing neutropenia
Naficillin