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Phase 1 EDF > SUGER > Flashcards

SUGER Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 changes to the uterus does oestrogen have during the menstrual cycle?

A

1) Proliferation of endo and myo metrium
2) Increase no. of receptors for progesterone at endometrium
3) Watery, abundant cervical mucus

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2
Q

What 3 changes to the uterus does progesterone have during the menstrual cycle?

A

1) Development of the secretory endometrium - coiled glands, glycogen and increased no. of blood vessels
2) Inhibition of myometrium contractions
3) Thick mucus (prevents bacteria)

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3
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

The remnant of the corpus luteum (fibrous structure)

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4
Q

Name the pituitary hormone that stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone

A

LH

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5
Q

Describe the endothelium of the capillaries at the glomerular tuft

A

Fenestrated

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6
Q

State the GFR

A

125mL/min

180L/day

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7
Q

What effect on GFR does constriction of the afferent arterioles have?

A

Decreased GFR due to decreased hydrostatic pressure

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8
Q

What effect on GFR does constriction of the effect arterioles have?

A

Increased GFR due to increased hydrostatic pressure

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9
Q

State the equation for net filtration pressure at the renal corpuscle in terms of starlings forces

A

PGC - (PBS + πGC)

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10
Q

Describe the proportions of Na (and therefore water) reabsorbed at each part of the renal tubule

A

PCT - 65%
Loop of Henle - 25%
DCT - 5%
Collecting duct - 4%

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11
Q

In which part of the kidneys are renal corpuscles of all neprhons found?

A

Cortex

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12
Q

Describe juxtamudullary nephrons

A

15%
Renal corpuscle in the cortex but close to medullary-cortex junction
Long loop of henle - responsible for creating an osmotic gradient for the reabsorption of water

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13
Q

Where are macula densa cells found?

A

DCT walls

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14
Q

Which limb of the loop of Henle does water reabsorption take place

A

Descending

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15
Q

Which limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water

A

Ascending

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16
Q

What 3 factors determin the GFR

A

Membrane permeability
SA
Filtration (starling pressures)

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17
Q

What force favours glomerular filtration?

A

Pressure in the glomerular capillary

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18
Q

Why does πGC oppose filtration?

A

Presence of proteins in GC, lower water potential than in bowmans space. Water froms out of BS to GC

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19
Q

From where are substances secreted into the tubule (PCT)

A

Peritubular capillary

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20
Q

What percentage of the plasma is filtered at the renal corpuscle (ultrafiltration)

A

20%

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21
Q

What two capillary beds arise from the efferent arteriole?

A

Peritubular capillary

Vasa recta

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22
Q

State the eq for filtered load

A

Plasma conc of substance x GFR

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23
Q

Was is the role of the Vasa recta

A

Maintain gradient of counter current system

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24
Q

Where is ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) synthesised and in response to what?

A

Atrial myocytes

High blood pressure/distention

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25
Q

What is the action of ANP?

A 
Inhibits Na reabsorption
Increased GFR (renal vasodilator
Inhibits Aldosterone (closes ENaC channels)
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26
Q

Other than stimulating the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal medulla what other actions does angiotensin II have?

A

Increases sympathetic activity
Arteriolar vasoconstriction (selective to efferent arteriole)
ADH release form the posterior pituitary
Direct Na reabsorption/K secretion

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27
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

A

ASIS to pubic tubule

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28
Q

Where does the inguinal canal run?

A

Mid inguinal point to pubic tubule

29
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

Reinforced medially by the lacunar ligament

30
Q

What forms the deep inguinal ring?

A

Transversalis fascia

31
Q

What forms the superficial inguinal ring?

A

External oblique

32
Q

What form the superior border of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia, tranversus abdominis, internal oblique

33
Q

What form the anterior border of the inguinal canal?

A

Aponeurosis of the external oblique

34
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

35
Q

What are the 3 covering of the spermatic cord?

A

Internal spermatic
External spermatic
Cremasteric

36
Q

What are the 3 arteries/veins that run in the spermatic cord?

A

Artery/vein of Vas
Testicular a/v
Cremasteric a/v

37
Q

What are the 3 nerves that run in the inguinal canal?

A

Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Autonomic(sym)

38
Q

What 3 others things can be found in the spermatic cord?

A

Vas Deferens
Lymphatics
Tunica vaginalis
(Pampiniform plexus)

39
Q

What are the roots of the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

40
Q

What are the nerves of the lumbar plexus?

A 
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Lateral cutaneous
Femoral
Obturator
41
Q

What are the roots of the iliohypogastric?

A

L1 (&T12)

42
Q

What are roots of the ilioinguinal?

A

L1

43
Q

What are the roots of the genitofemoral?

A

L1 and L2

44
Q

What are the roots of the lateral cutaneous?

A

L2 and L3

45
Q

What are the roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L2,3,4

46
Q

What are the roots of the obturator nerve?

A

L2,3,4

47
Q

What does the genital branch of the genitofemoral supply?

A

Motor - Cremasteric muscle

Sensory - Scrotum (M), Mons pubis/labia majora (F)

48
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve supply?

A

Skin over the lateral part of the thigh

49
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Anterior compartment of the thigh (motor and sensory)

50
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Medial compartment of the thigh (motor and sensory)

51
Q

What is the action of the quadratus laborum?

A

Extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

52
Q

What are the actions of the psoas major?

A

FLEXION of the thigh at the hip

Lateral flexion of the vertebral column

53
Q

What is the action of the iliacus

A

FLEXION of the thigh at the hip

54
Q

Where do the iliacus and psoas major insert?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur (iliacus joins with psoas)

55
Q

Describe the relationship between the ureter and uterine artery (in females)

A

Ureter passed behind the uterine artery (water under bridge)

56
Q

The bladder receives its blood supply from a branch of which artery?

A

Internal iliac

57
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder?

A

Pelvic S234

58
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder?

A

Hypogastric

59
Q

What is the somatic nerve supply to the external sphincter of the bladder?

A

Pudendal S234

60
Q

What is the effect on the bladder if a spinal cord injury occurs above S2?

A

Reflex bladder
No awareness of filling
External sphincter constantly relaxed

61
Q

What is the effect on the bladder if a spinal cord injury occurs between s2-4?

A

Flaccid bladder

Fills uncontrollably until overflow

62
Q

What ligament forms the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

63
Q

What ligament forms the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

64
Q

Describe the adaptations of the female pelvis for childbirth

A

1) Wider and broader but lighter
2) Oval inlet
3) Less prominent ischial spines
4) Shorter move curved sacrum
5) Greater angled sub-pubic arch

65
Q

What is the anatomical position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted

Anteflexed

66
Q

Which ligament is responsible for the anverted position of the uterus?

A

Round

67
Q

Where does the cardinal ligament run?

A

Base of broad ligament, lateral walls of cervix to pelvic walls

68
Q

What does the cardinal ligament contain?

A

Uterine artery and vein

Phase 1 EDF (12 decks)

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