Substance Use Disorders

Question 1

Psychoactive substance

Answer 1

Substance that when ingested alters mood, thoughts, or behavior

Question 2

Substance use

Answer 2

Using substances in controlled manner

Question 3

Tolerance

Answer 3

Requiring more of substance to get same effect

Question 4

Withdrawal

Answer 4

Symptoms that develop after stopping use of a substance after chronic use

Question 5

Substance intoxication

Answer 5

A reversible syndrome due to recent ingestion of a psychoactive substance
Physiological, behavioral, and mood changes
Varies across substances
Impairment: most important aspect

Question 6

Substance use disorder

Answer 6

Pattern of use lasting 12 months and associated with significant impairment
Symptoms: taking more than intended, persistent desire to quit/unsuccessful attempts to quit, great deal of time spent on substance, craving/strong desire to use, failure to fulfill major roles, persistent social problems, important activities given up, use in hazardous situations, exacerbation of known condition, tolerance, withdrawal when stopped

Question 7

How severity of a substance use disorder is measured

Answer 7

of symptoms, not how much is used

Question 8

Depressants mechanism

Answer 8

Depress CNS activity

Question 9

Types of depressants

Answer 9

Alcohol
Barbiturates
Hypnotics (Ambien)
Benzodiazepines (usually used to treat anxiety; Xanax, Valium, Rufies, etc.)

Question 10

Neurotransmitter depressants act upon

Answer 10

GABA: increase

Question 11

Intoxication symptoms of depressants

Answer 11

Slurred speech
Incoordination
Nystagmus (involuntary jerkiness of eyes)

Question 12

Withdrawal symptoms of depressants

Answer 12

Medically dangerous
Hand tremors
Hallucinations
Seizures

Question 13

Long-term effects of alcohol abuse

Answer 13

Liver damage (cirrhosis)
Cognitive impairment: Wernicke-Korsakoff’s (memory impairment, delusions, confusion)
Pancreatitis
Cardiovascular issues

Question 14

Epidemiology of alcohol usage

Answer 14

50% of Americans drink
23% of Americans binge drink (4+ drinks for women; 6+ drinks for men)
17% of Americans qualify for alcoholism at some point in their lifetimes (more males than females)
Alcoholism has a progressive course (~20% remit)

Question 15

Stimulants mechanism

Answer 15

Stimulate CNS activity

Question 16

Types of stimulants

Answer 16

Amphetamines (meth, ecstasy)
Cocaine (different forms: intensity depends on how fast it enters bloodstream)
Nicotine
Caffeine

Question 17

Neurotransmitters acted upon by stimulants

Answer 17

Amphetamines and cocaine: increase dopamine

Nicotine: acetylcholine

Question 18

Intoxication symptoms of stimulants

Answer 18

Tachycardia (racing heart)
Decreased appetite
Chest pain
Seizures

Question 19

Withdrawal symptoms of stimulants

Answer 19

Not medically dangerous
Fatigue
Vivid dreams (usually nightmares)
Depression

Question 20

Effects of meth on body

Answer 20

Teeth erosion
Sores from picking at skin
Gaunt from not eating

Question 21

Effects of opioids

Answer 21

Analgesic (painkiller)

Euphoria

Question 22

Types of opioids

Answer 22

Heroin
OxyContin
Morphine

Question 23

Neurotransmitter acted upon by opioids

Answer 23

Endorphins (pain relieving effects and euphoric effects)

Question 24

Intoxication symptoms of opioids

Answer 24

Pupil dilation/contraction
Drowsiness (or coma)
Slurred speech

Question 25

Withdrawal symptoms of opioids

Answer 25

Not medically dangerous
Excessive yawning
Nausea
Piloerection (goosebumps)

Question 26

Effect of hallucinogens (psychodelics)

Answer 26

Alter perceptions (not necessarily hallucinations)

Question 27

Types of hallucinogens

Answer 27

Marijuana
LSD
Psilocybin (peyote)
Mescalin (shrooms)

Question 28

Neurotransmitter acted upon by LSD

Answer 28

Serotonin

Question 29

Intoxication symptoms of marijuana

Answer 29

Conjunctival injection (red eyes)
Increased appetite (munchies)
Dried mouth
Tachycardia (racing heart)
Psychomotor retardation

Question 30

Anomaly of marijuana

Answer 30

Minimal or reverse tolerance (more you use, the less it takes to get high)

Question 31

Withdrawal from hallucinogens

Answer 31

Withdrawal is minimal

Question 32

Intoxication symptoms of LSD

Answer 32

Perceptual changes
Sweating
Blurred vision
Incoordination

Question 33

Inhalents

Answer 33

Volatile solvents breathed directly into lungs (spray paint, hair spray, paint thinner, gasoline, nitrous oxide)
Effects similar to alcohol
Tolerance/withdrawal common

Question 34

Anabolic steroids

Answer 34

Derived from testosterone
Medical uses and increased body mass
Doesn’t produce a physiological high
Can result in long-term mood disturbances and physical problems

Question 35

Dissociative anesthetics

Answer 35

Cause drowsiness, relieve pain, cause dissociations (become separate from who you are)
Examples: PCP (angel dust), ketamine (special K), bath salts

Question 36

Designer drugs

Answer 36

Synthetic drugs produced to mimic the effects of illegal drugs
Don’t contain illegal substances (change compound slightly)
An effort to stay ahead of the law

Question 37

Genetic influence of substance abuse disorders

Answer 37

Strong genetic component
Reward sensitivity (likelihood to get positive effects from substance use)
Differences in metabolism

Question 38

Cognitive influences of substance abuse disorders

Answer 38

Expectancy effects (affects you how you think it’s going to affect you)
Cravings (drug cues cause desire to use)
Using is not usually an active choice

Question 39

Agonist substitution

Answer 39

Treatment of substance abuse disorders
Give medication that acts on same neurotransmitter as substance
Safer, controlled

Question 40

Antagonist substitution

Answer 40

Treatment of substance abuse disorders

Give medication that blocks positive effects of substance

Question 41

Aversive treatment

Answer 41

Treatment of substance abuse disorders
Make use extremely unpleasant
Give medication along with substance to make person sick