Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Psychoactive substance

A

Substance that when ingested alters mood, thoughts, or behavior

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2
Q

Substance use

A

Using substances in controlled manner

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3
Q

Tolerance

A

Requiring more of substance to get same effect

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4
Q

Withdrawal

A

Symptoms that develop after stopping use of a substance after chronic use

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5
Q

Substance intoxication

A

A reversible syndrome due to recent ingestion of a psychoactive substance
Physiological, behavioral, and mood changes
Varies across substances
Impairment: most important aspect

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6
Q

Substance use disorder

A

Pattern of use lasting 12 months and associated with significant impairment
Symptoms: taking more than intended, persistent desire to quit/unsuccessful attempts to quit, great deal of time spent on substance, craving/strong desire to use, failure to fulfill major roles, persistent social problems, important activities given up, use in hazardous situations, exacerbation of known condition, tolerance, withdrawal when stopped

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7
Q

How severity of a substance use disorder is measured

A

of symptoms, not how much is used

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8
Q

Depressants mechanism

A

Depress CNS activity

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9
Q

Types of depressants

A

Alcohol
Barbiturates
Hypnotics (Ambien)
Benzodiazepines (usually used to treat anxiety; Xanax, Valium, Rufies, etc.)

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10
Q

Neurotransmitter depressants act upon

A

GABA: increase

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11
Q

Intoxication symptoms of depressants

A

Slurred speech
Incoordination
Nystagmus (involuntary jerkiness of eyes)

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12
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of depressants

A

Medically dangerous
Hand tremors
Hallucinations
Seizures

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13
Q

Long-term effects of alcohol abuse

A

Liver damage (cirrhosis)
Cognitive impairment: Wernicke-Korsakoff’s (memory impairment, delusions, confusion)
Pancreatitis
Cardiovascular issues

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14
Q

Epidemiology of alcohol usage

A

50% of Americans drink
23% of Americans binge drink (4+ drinks for women; 6+ drinks for men)
17% of Americans qualify for alcoholism at some point in their lifetimes (more males than females)
Alcoholism has a progressive course (~20% remit)

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15
Q

Stimulants mechanism

A

Stimulate CNS activity

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16
Q

Types of stimulants

A

Amphetamines (meth, ecstasy)
Cocaine (different forms: intensity depends on how fast it enters bloodstream)
Nicotine
Caffeine

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17
Q

Neurotransmitters acted upon by stimulants

A

Amphetamines and cocaine: increase dopamine

Nicotine: acetylcholine

18
Q

Intoxication symptoms of stimulants

A

Tachycardia (racing heart)
Decreased appetite
Chest pain
Seizures

19
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of stimulants

A

Not medically dangerous
Fatigue
Vivid dreams (usually nightmares)
Depression

20
Q

Effects of meth on body

A

Teeth erosion
Sores from picking at skin
Gaunt from not eating

21
Q

Effects of opioids

A

Analgesic (painkiller)

Euphoria

22
Q

Types of opioids

A

Heroin
OxyContin
Morphine

23
Q

Neurotransmitter acted upon by opioids

A

Endorphins (pain relieving effects and euphoric effects)

24
Q

Intoxication symptoms of opioids

A

Pupil dilation/contraction
Drowsiness (or coma)
Slurred speech

25
Withdrawal symptoms of opioids
Not medically dangerous Excessive yawning Nausea Piloerection (goosebumps)
26
Effect of hallucinogens (psychodelics)
Alter perceptions (not necessarily hallucinations)
27
Types of hallucinogens
Marijuana LSD Psilocybin (peyote) Mescalin (shrooms)
28
Neurotransmitter acted upon by LSD
Serotonin
29
Intoxication symptoms of marijuana
``` Conjunctival injection (red eyes) Increased appetite (munchies) Dried mouth Tachycardia (racing heart) Psychomotor retardation ```
30
Anomaly of marijuana
Minimal or reverse tolerance (more you use, the less it takes to get high)
31
Withdrawal from hallucinogens
Withdrawal is minimal
32
Intoxication symptoms of LSD
Perceptual changes Sweating Blurred vision Incoordination
33
Inhalents
Volatile solvents breathed directly into lungs (spray paint, hair spray, paint thinner, gasoline, nitrous oxide) Effects similar to alcohol Tolerance/withdrawal common
34
Anabolic steroids
Derived from testosterone Medical uses and increased body mass Doesn't produce a physiological high Can result in long-term mood disturbances and physical problems
35
Dissociative anesthetics
Cause drowsiness, relieve pain, cause dissociations (become separate from who you are) Examples: PCP (angel dust), ketamine (special K), bath salts
36
Designer drugs
Synthetic drugs produced to mimic the effects of illegal drugs Don't contain illegal substances (change compound slightly) An effort to stay ahead of the law
37
Genetic influence of substance abuse disorders
Strong genetic component Reward sensitivity (likelihood to get positive effects from substance use) Differences in metabolism
38
Cognitive influences of substance abuse disorders
Expectancy effects (affects you how you think it's going to affect you) Cravings (drug cues cause desire to use) Using is not usually an active choice
39
Agonist substitution
Treatment of substance abuse disorders Give medication that acts on same neurotransmitter as substance Safer, controlled
40
Antagonist substitution
Treatment of substance abuse disorders | Give medication that blocks positive effects of substance
41
Aversive treatment
Treatment of substance abuse disorders Make use extremely unpleasant Give medication along with substance to make person sick