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Abnormal Psychology > Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Emil Krapelin

A

1st person to categorize schizophrenia, which he called dementia praecox

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2
Q

Eugen Blueler

A

Coined term “schizophrenia”

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3
Q

Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

A

Two of following symptoms for 1 month: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized/catatonic behavior, negative symptoms
Some symptoms present for 6 months

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4
Q

Delusion

A

Belief that has no basis in reality

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5
Q

Common delusions

A

Persecution
Grandeur
Reference

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6
Q

Persecution delusion

A

Belief that people are out to get you

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7
Q

Grandeur delusion

A

Belief that you are someone who is greater than who you really are (royalty, celebrity, etc.)

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8
Q

Reference delusion

A

Belief that environmental stimuli have different meaning for you (stimuli are real)

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9
Q

Capgras syndrome

A

Unusual delusion

Belief that something/someone in your life has been replaced with an exact replica

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10
Q

Cotard syndrome

A

Unusual delusion

Belief that you are dead and decaying, yet still active

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11
Q

Thought insertion

A

Unusual delusion

Belief that thoughts are being externally inserted into your head

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12
Q

Delusions of control

A

Unusual delusion

Belief that you can control outcomes around you

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13
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory experiences without input from the surrounding environment

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14
Q

Types of hallucinations

A
  1. Auditory (ex- music playing, voices talking, command hallucinations)
  2. Visual (ex- people around you, shadowy figures)
  3. Tactile (ex- feeling like insects are crawling under your skin)
  4. Olfactory (ex- burnt toast, rotting meat)
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15
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Language reception area of brain

Has increased activity during auditory hallucination

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16
Q

Broca’s area

A

Speech production area of brain

Has increased activity during auditory hallucination

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17
Q

4 A’s of negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Anhedonia
Alogia
Avolition
Affective flattening

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18
Q

Anhedonia

A

Negative symptom of schizophrenia

Loss of interest/pleasure in things that were once enjoyed

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19
Q

Alogia

A

Negative symptom of schizophrenia

Lack of productive speech (stuttering, stammering, 1 word answers)

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20
Q

Avolition

A

Negative symptom of schizophrenia

Lack of willful or goal-directed behavior

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21
Q

Affective flattening

A

Negative symptom of schizophrenia

Loss of emotion

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22
Q

Disorganized speech symptoms of schizophrenia

A 
Loose associations 
Poverty of content and circumlocation
Tangentiality
Word salad and neologisms
Echolalia, perseveration, clang, rhyming
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23
Q

Loose associations

A 
Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia
Not tracking (not staying on topic)
24
Q

Poverty of content and circumlocation

A

Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia
Talking a lot without actually saying anything
Not answering directly

25
Q

Word salad

A

Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia

Using a bunch of words in random order

26
Q

Neologisms

A

Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia

Using words that are made up

27
Q

Echolalia

A

Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia

Repeating what someone else says

28
Q

Perseveration

A

Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia

Talking about the same thing over and over

29
Q

Clang

A

Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia

Focusing on the sound of words rather than their meaning

30
Q

Disorganized behavior symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Stereotypy
Echopraxia
Inappropriate affect

31
Q

Stereotypy

A

Disorganized behavior symptom of schizophrenia

Doing the same thing over and over again

32
Q

Echopraxia

A

Disorganized behavior symptom of schizophrenia

Copying someone else’s movements

33
Q

Inappropriate affect

A

Disorganized behavior symptom of schizophrenia

Affect that doesn’t match the situation

34
Q

Movement symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Catatonic immobility

Waxy flexibility

35
Q

Catatonic immobility

A

Movement symptom of schizophrenia

Stay in same position for hours or days

36
Q

Waxy flexibility

A

Movement symptom of schizophrenia

When put in a new position, stays in that position

37
Q

DSM IV subtypes of schizophrenia

A
  1. Paranoid type (main symptoms are positive ones)
  2. Disorganized type (main symptoms are disorganized thoughts/speech/behavior)
  3. Catatonic type (main symptoms are movement related)
  4. Undifferentiated (meet criteria for schizophrenia, but don’t have a clear set of predominant symptoms)
  5. Residual (symptoms come and go)
38
Q

Epidemiology of schizophrenia

A

Lifetime prevalence: 1%
Gender: equal (men most often have negative symptoms, whereas women most often have positive symptoms)
Age of onset: 18-25

39
Q

Course of schizophrenia

A

Premorbid phase -> prodromal phase -> active phase -> residual phase

40
Q

Premorbid phase

A

First phase of schizophrenia
Childhood
Mild motor, cognitive, social issues
Non-specific risk factor (not specific to schizophrenia)

41
Q

Prodromal phase

A

Second phase of schizophrenia
1-2 years before full development of schizophrenia
Slow deterioration
Common symptom: magical thinking

42
Q

Active phase

A

Third phase of schizophrenia
Person receives diagnosis
Prominent symptoms are present

43
Q

Residual phase

A

Fourth phase of schizophrenia
Reduction of prominent symptoms
Pre-morbid functioning never achieved

44
Q

Causes and contributors to schizophrenia

A

Strong genetic link (parents can be carriers of disorder)
Dopamine hypothesis: too much dopamine (antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists)
Increased glutamate (activator neurotransmitter)
Enlarged lateral ventricles (large open spaces in brain)
Pre-birth exposure to toxins or viruses
Environmental stressors
Expressed emotion (loved ones react to diagnosis in a negative way: increases relapse)

45
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Uncontrolled, jerky movements
Side effect of antipsychotics: reduction of dopamine
Parkinson’s is caused by lack of dopamine

46
Q

Mythical schizophrenia causes

A 
Schizophrenogenic mother (no evidence that parenting influences schizophrenia)
Double blind communication (telling people to do things that are impossible)
47
Q

Previous biological treatments of schizophrenia

A

Psychosurgery (cut out part of brain)
Pre-frontal lobotomy (scramble frontal lobes)
Insulin shock therapy
Electroconvulsive treatment (doesn’t work well for schizophrenia)

48
Q

Medications used to treat schizophrenia

A 
Traditional antipsychotics (thorazine, haldol): marginally effective (60%), but negative side effects (movement-related)
Atypical antipsychotics (risperdal, seroquel): slightly more effective (60-80%), fewer side effects, but still considerable (some movement-related, tiredness, increased appetite)
49
Q

Psychological treatments for schizophrenia

A

Behavioral: reinforce normal behavior, social and job skills training, coping skills
Family: education and supportive skills, decrease expressed emotion

50
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A

Same symptoms as schizophrenia except not as long as schizophrenia and lack of impairment
Sometimes can turn into schizophrenia

51
Q

Brief psychotic disorder

A

One or more positive/disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia
Longer than 1 day but less than 1 month
Normal functioning following episode
Often preceded by stressful life events or drug use

52
Q

Delusional disorder

A

One or more delusions persisting for longer than 1 month
No other symptoms of schizophrenia
No impairment outside of delusion

53
Q

Erotomanic delusion

A

Belief that a celebrity is in love with you

54
Q

Somatic delusion

A

Intense anxiety about a medical condition/bodily function that isn’t actually a problem

55
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Meet criteria for schizophrenia and mood episode
Psychotic symptoms occur in absence of mood symptoms
Different from mood disorder with psychotic features (psychotic symptoms only occur during mood episode)

Abnormal Psychology (15 decks)

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