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Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Emil Krapelin

A

1st person to categorize schizophrenia, which he called dementia praecox

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2
Q

Eugen Blueler

A

Coined term “schizophrenia”

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3
Q

Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

A

Two of following symptoms for 1 month: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized/catatonic behavior, negative symptoms
Some symptoms present for 6 months

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4
Q

Delusion

A

Belief that has no basis in reality

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5
Q

Common delusions

A

Persecution
Grandeur
Reference

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6
Q

Persecution delusion

A

Belief that people are out to get you

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7
Q

Grandeur delusion

A

Belief that you are someone who is greater than who you really are (royalty, celebrity, etc.)

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8
Q

Reference delusion

A

Belief that environmental stimuli have different meaning for you (stimuli are real)

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9
Q

Capgras syndrome

A

Unusual delusion

Belief that something/someone in your life has been replaced with an exact replica

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10
Q

Cotard syndrome

A

Unusual delusion

Belief that you are dead and decaying, yet still active

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11
Q

Thought insertion

A

Unusual delusion

Belief that thoughts are being externally inserted into your head

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12
Q

Delusions of control

A

Unusual delusion

Belief that you can control outcomes around you

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13
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory experiences without input from the surrounding environment

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14
Q

Types of hallucinations

A
  1. Auditory (ex- music playing, voices talking, command hallucinations)
  2. Visual (ex- people around you, shadowy figures)
  3. Tactile (ex- feeling like insects are crawling under your skin)
  4. Olfactory (ex- burnt toast, rotting meat)
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15
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Language reception area of brain

Has increased activity during auditory hallucination

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16
Q

Broca’s area

A

Speech production area of brain

Has increased activity during auditory hallucination

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17
Q

4 A’s of negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Anhedonia
Alogia
Avolition
Affective flattening

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18
Q

Anhedonia

A

Negative symptom of schizophrenia

Loss of interest/pleasure in things that were once enjoyed

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19
Q

Alogia

A

Negative symptom of schizophrenia

Lack of productive speech (stuttering, stammering, 1 word answers)

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20
Q

Avolition

A

Negative symptom of schizophrenia

Lack of willful or goal-directed behavior

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21
Q

Affective flattening

A

Negative symptom of schizophrenia

Loss of emotion

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22
Q

Disorganized speech symptoms of schizophrenia

A 
Loose associations 
Poverty of content and circumlocation
Tangentiality
Word salad and neologisms
Echolalia, perseveration, clang, rhyming
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23
Q

Loose associations

A 
Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia
Not tracking (not staying on topic)
24
Q

Poverty of content and circumlocation

A

Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia
Talking a lot without actually saying anything
Not answering directly

25
Word salad
Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia | Using a bunch of words in random order
26
Neologisms
Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia | Using words that are made up
27
Echolalia
Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia | Repeating what someone else says
28
Perseveration
Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia | Talking about the same thing over and over
29
Clang
Disorganized speech symptom of schizophrenia | Focusing on the sound of words rather than their meaning
30
Disorganized behavior symptoms of schizophrenia
Stereotypy Echopraxia Inappropriate affect
31
Stereotypy
Disorganized behavior symptom of schizophrenia | Doing the same thing over and over again
32
Echopraxia
Disorganized behavior symptom of schizophrenia | Copying someone else's movements
33
Inappropriate affect
Disorganized behavior symptom of schizophrenia | Affect that doesn't match the situation
34
Movement symptoms of schizophrenia
Catatonic immobility | Waxy flexibility
35
Catatonic immobility
Movement symptom of schizophrenia | Stay in same position for hours or days
36
Waxy flexibility
Movement symptom of schizophrenia | When put in a new position, stays in that position
37
DSM IV subtypes of schizophrenia
1. Paranoid type (main symptoms are positive ones) 2. Disorganized type (main symptoms are disorganized thoughts/speech/behavior) 3. Catatonic type (main symptoms are movement related) 4. Undifferentiated (meet criteria for schizophrenia, but don't have a clear set of predominant symptoms) 5. Residual (symptoms come and go)
38
Epidemiology of schizophrenia
Lifetime prevalence: 1% Gender: equal (men most often have negative symptoms, whereas women most often have positive symptoms) Age of onset: 18-25
39
Course of schizophrenia
Premorbid phase -> prodromal phase -> active phase -> residual phase
40
Premorbid phase
First phase of schizophrenia Childhood Mild motor, cognitive, social issues Non-specific risk factor (not specific to schizophrenia)
41
Prodromal phase
Second phase of schizophrenia 1-2 years before full development of schizophrenia Slow deterioration Common symptom: magical thinking
42
Active phase
Third phase of schizophrenia Person receives diagnosis Prominent symptoms are present
43
Residual phase
Fourth phase of schizophrenia Reduction of prominent symptoms Pre-morbid functioning never achieved
44
Causes and contributors to schizophrenia
Strong genetic link (parents can be carriers of disorder) Dopamine hypothesis: too much dopamine (antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists) Increased glutamate (activator neurotransmitter) Enlarged lateral ventricles (large open spaces in brain) Pre-birth exposure to toxins or viruses Environmental stressors Expressed emotion (loved ones react to diagnosis in a negative way: increases relapse)
45
Tardive dyskinesia
Uncontrolled, jerky movements Side effect of antipsychotics: reduction of dopamine Parkinson's is caused by lack of dopamine
46
Mythical schizophrenia causes
``` Schizophrenogenic mother (no evidence that parenting influences schizophrenia) Double blind communication (telling people to do things that are impossible) ```
47
Previous biological treatments of schizophrenia
Psychosurgery (cut out part of brain) Pre-frontal lobotomy (scramble frontal lobes) Insulin shock therapy Electroconvulsive treatment (doesn't work well for schizophrenia)
48
Medications used to treat schizophrenia
``` Traditional antipsychotics (thorazine, haldol): marginally effective (60%), but negative side effects (movement-related) Atypical antipsychotics (risperdal, seroquel): slightly more effective (60-80%), fewer side effects, but still considerable (some movement-related, tiredness, increased appetite) ```
49
Psychological treatments for schizophrenia
Behavioral: reinforce normal behavior, social and job skills training, coping skills Family: education and supportive skills, decrease expressed emotion
50
Schizophreniform disorder
Same symptoms as schizophrenia except not as long as schizophrenia and lack of impairment Sometimes can turn into schizophrenia
51
Brief psychotic disorder
One or more positive/disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia Longer than 1 day but less than 1 month Normal functioning following episode Often preceded by stressful life events or drug use
52
Delusional disorder
One or more delusions persisting for longer than 1 month No other symptoms of schizophrenia No impairment outside of delusion
53
Erotomanic delusion
Belief that a celebrity is in love with you
54
Somatic delusion
Intense anxiety about a medical condition/bodily function that isn't actually a problem
55
Schizoaffective disorder
Meet criteria for schizophrenia and mood episode Psychotic symptoms occur in absence of mood symptoms Different from mood disorder with psychotic features (psychotic symptoms only occur during mood episode)

Abnormal Psychology (15 decks)

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