Assessment and Diagnosis Flashcards
Psychological assessment
Collection, organization, and interpretation of information
Psychological diagnosis
Determining whether client’s issues meet criteria for specific psychological disorder
Goals of psychological assessment
Description and prediction
Reliability
Consistency
Validity
Accuracy
Norms
Way normal people answer questions on a test
Standardization
Presenting the test the same way every time
Areas queried in an interview
Presenting problem
Current context
History of presenting problem
Biopsychosocial history (family life, support system, living conditions, etc.)
Sensorium
Orientation to a situation: awareness of identity, current day, current time, etc.
Unstructured interview
Talk with client, ask questions based on answers
Advantage: respond to client
Semi-structured interview
Root questions with room for followup
Structured interview
Ask scripted questions
Advantage: reliability
Used in court settings and in research
Interview bias in interviewer and interviewee
Interviewer: areas queried, confirmation bias
Interviewee: social desirability, forgetting
Tachycardia
Racing heart
Physical condition that mimics panic disorder
Hypothyroidism
Physical condition that mimics depression
ABC’s of behavior assessment
Antecedents: what happened before
Behaviors
Consequences: what happened afterwards
Self-report
Indirect behavioral observation
Retrospective account of events
Self-monitoring
Indirect behavioral observation
Client writes down what he/she did at specific time and how he/she was feeling then
Psychological test
Structured tool used to assess symptoms that might be associated with a specific disorder
Quantifies symptoms
Projective tests
Give ambiguous stimulus and ask to provide meaning
Provides glimpse into unconscious
Examples: Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Pros and cons of projective tests
Pros: lots of data generated, hard to fake
Cons: poor reliability and validity, complex and time consuming
Objective tests
Clients asked to report on their beliefs, emotions, or experiences through questionnaires
True-false and rated using number scale
Comprehensive personality inventories
Form of objective test
MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory): rate on several different disorders (high score means tendency towards specific disorder)
Symptom assessments
Form of objective test
BDI (Beck Depression Inventory): ask questions relating to symptoms of depression using number scales
Pros and cons of objective tests
Pros: can query specific information, high validity and reliability, provide information relative to others
Con: only face valid (people can fudge answers- questions aren’t ambiguous)
Areas assessed on intelligence tests
Verbal intelligence
Performance of tasks
Processing speed
Working memory abilities (store info in short-term memory and use)