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MOOD DISORDERS > Substance Use Disorders > Flashcards

Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

_______ of people with mood disorders have a co-occurring _________.

A

~30%, substance use disorder

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2
Q

Dual diagnosis is when an individual has both a _______ and _______.

A

mental disorder, substance use disorder

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3
Q

Having Depressive Disorder = ______ more likely for a _________ in one’s lifetime

A

2/3.5x, substance use disorder

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4
Q

Having Bipolar disorder = ______ more likely for a __________ during one’s lifetime

A

4/7.5x, substance use disorder

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5
Q

Dual diagnosis equals a (5) …..

A

greater severity of illness
worse course of illness,
greater difficulties in functioning,
poorer treatment response,
increase suicidality

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6
Q

With Dual Diagnosis, both disorders typically have their onset in _______/______– which makes it troublesome for finding the relationships in ________.

A

late adolescence,early adulthood, causality

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7
Q

Secondary Psychiatric Disorder Model is when the incidence of ______ increases the risk for ______

A

SUD, mood disorder

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8
Q

In the Secondary Psychiatric Disorder Model, ______ is the therapeutic target

A

SUD

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9
Q

Secondary Substance Abuse Model is defined as incidence of a ______ increases risk for a ______.

A

mood disorder, SUD

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10
Q

In the Secondary Substance Abuse Model, _____ are the therapeutic target

A

Mood Disorders,

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11
Q

In the Bidirectional Model …

A

each disorder involves separate etiologies, but exacerbate each other

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12
Q

In the Bidirectional Model, _____ and ______ are the therapeutic target

A

SUD, Mood Disorders

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13
Q

In the Third Variable or Common Factor Models, both disorders have …

A

shared mechanisms for development

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14
Q

In the Third Variable or Common Factor Models, the _____ is the therapeutic target

A

Common factor

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15
Q

Substance Use Disorders are divided into ______ separate classes: (list classes)

A

10, Alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, tobacco, other

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16
Q

Substance Use Disorders are generally divided into: …

A

Substance use disorders or Substance-induced disorders

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17
Q

_______ is not used in the DSM to classify _________.

A

Addiction, drug-related disorders

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18
Q

IN DSM5, Addictive Disorders include ……

A

Gambling disorder

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19
Q

List the features for diagnosed SUD…

A
  1. Increased drug taking
  2. Unsuccessful efforts to cut down
  3. A great deal of time spent
  4. Craving or strong desire to use
    5-7. Social, occupational or recreational activities reduced due to drug use
  5. Physically Hazardous use
  6. Continued use despite physical or psychological problem made worse by drug
  7. Tolerance
  8. Withdrawal
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20
Q

specific diagnostic categories for opioids ….

A

Opioid use disorder, Opioid Intoxication, Opioid Withdrawal

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21
Q

The diagnostic criteria of a Substance-Use Disorder: manifested by at least _______ of the following _______ features, occurring within a ______ period.

A

2, 11, 12-month

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22
Q

Specifier: Mild is defined as…

A

(2-3 symptoms)

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23
Q

Specifier: Moderate is defined as….

A

(4-5 symptoms)

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24
Q

Specifier: Severe is defined as….

A

(6 or more symptoms)

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25
Q

Addiction is defined as …

A

a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry

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26
Q

In addiction, ________ in these brain _______ leads to characteristic biological, psychological, and social manifestations

A

dysfunction, circuits

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27
Q

Addiction is characterized by…..
(4 main characteristics)

A

1.Inability to consistently abstain from use.
2.impairment in behavioral control and craving
3.diminished recognition of significant problems with one’s behaviors and interpersonal relationships
4.dysfunctional emotional response

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28
Q

Addiction is delineated as a vicious cycle of 3 stages :

A

Preoccupation Anticipation, Binge Intoxication, Withdrawl Negative Affect

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29
Q

In the Addiction Cycle, each stage becomes more ______ as ________ , which is described as __________.

A

intense, drug exposure increases, spiraling distress

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30
Q

Two shifts as addiction __________:

1) Shift from _________ to _________

2.) Shift from _________ to _________

A

progresses, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, impulsivity, compulsivity

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31
Q

Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine System: Includes the ______ to the
_______.

A

VTA, NAc

32
Q

All drugs of abuse impinge on the __________ to cause _________.

A

mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, rapid DA increases

33
Q

Dopamine is involved in:
1.)
2.)

A

Motivation, Learning

34
Q

Motivation is ….

A

more or less likely to approach or avoid stimuli

35
Q

Learning is ….

A

reward-prediction outcome

36
Q

Dopamine will ________ firing to unexpected _______

A

increase, salient/ rewarding events

37
Q

Dopamine will fire on cues that …..

A

predict reward

38
Q

Dopamine will _______ its activity to the _______ of ________

A

alter, omission, expected stimuli

39
Q

Drug addiction can cause _________ in many _______.

A

neuroplastic alterations, brain regions

40
Q

Binge/Intoxication (Reward), includes ….

A

Habits, goal-directed action,
reward-seeking

41
Q

Binge/Intoxication (Reward), brain regions…

A

VTA, NAc, Basal Ganglia

42
Q

Withdrawal (Stress/emotion), includes …..

A

Dysphoria, negative emotional states, irritability, stress, anxiety

43
Q

Withdrawal (Stress/emotion), brain regions….

A

Amygdala, BNST

44
Q

Preoccupation/anticipation
(Executive control), includes…

A

Craving, decision-making, self-regulation (inability to resist strong urges), memory impairments

45
Q

Preoccupation/anticipation
(Executive control), brain regions …

A

Hippocampus, Prefrontal
Cortex regions

46
Q

Addiction has a ________ component to the disease (_______ of addiction risk is due to ______).

A

heritable, 40-60%, genes

47
Q

Twin studies show higher rate of shared substance use disorder observed in ________ twins than between _______ twins

A

monozygotic, dizygotic

48
Q

Adoption studies show ______ rates of shared substance use disorder observed in adoptees whose ________ parents had ________.

A

higher, biological, history of substance abuse

49
Q

_____ SNPS identified for general addiction risk factor

______ SNPS identified for specific for types of drugs.

Many ______ are linked with __________.

A

17, 47, SNPS, dopamine signaling

50
Q

Early life experiences / environment can affect one’s ….

A

vulnerability to addiction

51
Q

The number of ________ was strongly associated with adulthood _________.

A

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), addictive behaviors

52
Q

Environmental Enrichment Model, showed that rodents raised in an _________ take ________ than standard, __________ rats

A

enriched environment, less
drug, impoverished housed

53
Q

Social Interaction Study showed, rodents choose _______ over ______

A

“buddy”, drug

54
Q

Diagnostic confounding is when _______ of addiction and mood disorders can ______ the diagnostic process and lead to _____

A

overlapping symptoms, confuse, misdiagnosis

55
Q

Drug abuse symptoms / states can mimic ….

A

mood disorder symptoms

56
Q

Substance-Induced Bipolar/Depressive Disorder is a disturbance in mood that is characterized by …

A

elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, with or without depressed mood or markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities

57
Q

The symptoms in Substance-Induced Bipolar/Depressive Disorder could develop during or soon after ________, or________, or after exposure to a _______.

A

substance intoxication, withdrawl, medication

58
Q

Evidence of an independent mood disorder could include the following:

The symptoms ________ the onset of the ________ use

The symptoms persist for a ________ period of time, after the cessation of ________ or __________.

A

precede, substance/medication, substantial, acute withdrawal, severe intoxication

59
Q

Onset during intoxication ….

A

development of syndrome due to the recent ingestion of a substance

60
Q

Onset during withdrawal ….

A

development of syndrome due to the cessation of, or reduction substance use

61
Q

Many substances can induce different ________ especially with regard to _______ and ________ symptomology both during drug __________ and _________ phases

A

pathological states, Bipolar, Depressive, intoxication, withdrawal

62
Q

Disorder fostering disorder / kindling hypothesis …

A

pathological effect of mood disorder or addiction, biologically, increases the risk for the other

63
Q

Disorder fostering disorder / kindling hypothesis: One disorder may _______ the brain to make individuals more ________ for another disorder when a potential _______ occurs

A

sensitize, vulnerable, “insult”

64
Q

Disorder fostering disorder / kindling hypothesis, implies overlapping ________ and overlapping _________ in _________ brain regions

A

genetic vulnerabilities, brain dysfunction, shared

65
Q

mood disorders could _____ the brain so someone becomes more _______ to __________

A

shape, vulnerable, substances

66
Q

Self-medication is when we…

A

treat symptoms via drugs of abuse to relieve distressing emotions

67
Q

_______ of people with major depression self medicate

A

23-41%

68
Q

Individuals may select a _____ to _______ their ________

A

drug, alleviate, specific symptoms

69
Q

For depression, people may self medicate with _________ to energize them and treat _________.

A

stimulants, low mood / anhedonia

70
Q

For mania, people may self medicate with ________ for ________ effects to control excess ________.

A

opiates, mellowing, energy /insomnia

71
Q

General addiction risk factors associated with drug use include……

A

1) cope with anxiety and depression
2) family history of mental illness

72
Q

We have _____ developed medications specifically for ….

A

not, dual diagnosis

73
Q

In dual diagnosis, wait to start _______ until after _________ ends, because symptoms could __________, and this also removes ________ of withdrawal and medication side effects

A

medication, detox / withdrawal, resolve on their own, confounding symptoms

74
Q

Integrated Group Therapy is a form of _____ specifically designed to treat _________ of _______ disorder and _________ disorder

A

CBT, dual diagnosis, bipolar, substance use

75
Q

Integrated Group Therapy central theme: Rather than viewing the patient as having ________, the patient/therapist should view it as a _________

A

two distinct disorders, having a single disorder

76
Q

In Integrated Group Therapy the goal is to treat both disorders with _______ weight to the point that it’s viewed as _________ and understand the __________.

A

equal, one disorder, relationships between the two

77
Q

With Integrated Group Therapy, focus on similarities between “________ thinking” and “________ thinking

A

addictive, depressive

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