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MOOD DISORDERS > Bipolar > Flashcards

Bipolar Flashcards

1
Q

Bipolar disorders are Classified by the presence of ______ or ______ episodes.

A

manic, hypomanic

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2
Q

Usually manic episodes precede / follow depressive periods, (fill in ) percent of the time

A

(~70%)

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3
Q

Manic episodes tend to be (FILL IN) than depressive bouts

A

~3X shorter

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4
Q

Bipolar individual is between episodes but not experiencing
symptoms of either depression or mania, that is referred to as …

A

euthymic

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5
Q

BIPOLAR 1, BIPOLAR 2, Cyclothymia 12 MONTH PREVALNCE

A

.6%, .3%, .4-1.0 %

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6
Q

BIPOLAR 1, BIPOLAR 2, Cyclothymia
GENDER DISPARITY

A

SLIGHTLY HIGHER IN MALE, INCONLCUSIVE, EQUAL

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7
Q

BIPOLAR 1, BIPOLAR 2, Cyclothymia
AVERGAE AGE ONSET

A

18 YEARS AGE, MID 20s, ADOLECENCE

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8
Q

Depressive episodes in BD= consist more of (4) …

A

mood lability
more psychotic features
more psychomotor retardation
more substance abuse

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9
Q

Depressive episodes in MDD= consist more (4)

A

anxiety, more agitation, more
insomnia, weight loss

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10
Q

Generally, bipolar depressive episodes tend to be (FILL IN ) than MDD episodes

A

more severe

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11
Q

People with bipolar typically experience more _______ episodes than people solely with MDD

A

lifetime depressive

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12
Q

Predominant mood state in bipolar is ..

A

depression

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13
Q

FOR BOTH MANIC AND HYPOMANIC , (fill in ) or more symptoms are present to a ( fill in) and represent to a (fill in ) from usual behavior

A

3 , significant degree , noticeable
change

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14
Q

DIFFERNCE FOR MANIC AND HYPOMANIC (duration for diagnostic)

A

MANIC LASTS 1 WEEK
HYPOMANIC LASTS 4 DAYS

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15
Q

MANIC EPISODES CAUSE SEVERE (FILL IN ) AND MAY NEED (FILL IN )

A

IMPAIRMENT , HOSPITALIZATION

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16
Q

HYPOMAINIC EPISODES (FILL IN ) CAUSE SEVRE IMPAIRMENT AND ( FILL IN ) NEED HOSPITALIZATION

A

DO NOT, DO NOT

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17
Q

People in hypomanic states may (FILL IN ) of these
symptoms

A

fail to report / complain

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18
Q

Bipolar I:
* Person has (FILL IN) and can also have (FILL IN).
* Person can have periods of (FILL IN)

A

manic episode, HYPOMAIC EPISODE, DEPRESSION

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19
Q

Bipolar II , Must have (FILL IN) AND (FILL IN)

A

hypomania, major depressive episode

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20
Q

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BIPOLAR AND BORDERLINE PERSONALITY

A

MOOD SWINGS NOT CAUSED BY LIFE EVENT IN BIPOLAR

FAMILY HISTORY OF BIPOLAR

LESS CHRONIC IN BIPOALR

BIPOLAR IS CLASSIFIED BY CLASSICAL SYMPTOMS

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21
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder: Diagnostic Criteria -> REQUIRMENTS

A
  • At least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents
  • HYPOMANIC SYMPTOMS ( NOT HYPOMANIC EPSIODES
  • DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS ( NOT A DEPRESSIVE EPISODE )
  • SYMPTOMS PRESENT FOR HALF THE TIME
    -NOT BEEN WITHOUT SYMPTOMS FOR 2 MONTHS
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22
Q

If you have full-threshold hypomanic episodes
but no full threshold depressive episodes, you
would be diagnosed …

A

with “other specified bipolar
disorder”

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23
Q

Specifiers ARE …

A

Diagnostic extension that accounts for variation in disorder →
dimensionalize disorders

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24
Q

Bipolar With
Melancholic
Features

A

Loss of pleasure in all activities, depression worse in the
morning

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25
Q

Bipolar With Atypical
Features

A

Mood reactivity—brightens to positive events

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26
Q

Bipolar With
Catatonic
Features

A

psychomotor symptoms mutism
rigidity

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27
Q

With
Seasonal
Pattern

A

At least two or more episodes in past 2 years that have
occurred at the same time (usually fall or winter seasons), and
full remission at the same time (usually spring).

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28
Q

Bipolar With
Peripartum
Onset

A

Mood symptoms occurred during pregnancy, or in the 4 weeks
following delivery

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29
Q

Bipolar With Anxious
Distress

A

distressed,
anxious.
Fear of losing control
Fear of something bad might happen

*only specifier to be
applied to cyclothymia

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30
Q

With
Psychotic
Features

A

Delusions or hallucinations (usually mood congruent) present;
feelings of guilt and worthlessness common. Specify further:
Mood-congruent OR MOOD- INCONGRUENT

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31
Q

With Mixed
Features

A

In Depression -Mania-like but does NOT meet criteria for bipolar
disorders.

In Manic / hypomania –
Depressive-like but does NOT meet criteria for depressive
disorder.

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32
Q

In partial remission

Symptoms of previous episode are ______, but full criteria are ______ met, or there is a period lasting less than _______ without any _______ symptoms

A

present, not met, 2 months
significant

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33
Q

In full remission

During the past ______ or more, no _______ signs or symptoms of the disturbance were ______

A

2 months, significant, present

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34
Q

Mild

A

Few, if any, symptoms in excess of those required to make the diagnosis
are present,

Symptom intensity distressing but manageable,

Minor
impairment

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35
Q

Moderate:

A

number of symptoms, intensity of symptoms, and/or functional
impairment are between those specified for “mild” and “severe.”

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36
Q

Severe

A

number of symptoms is substantially in excess of that required to
make the diagnosis,

Symptom intensity seriously distressing and
unmanageable.

Markedly interfere with social and occupational functioning.

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37
Q

rapid cycling (FOR BIPOLAR)

Presence of at least _____ mood episodes (usually more) in the previous ______ that ______ the criteria for manic, hypomanic, or major depressive ______.

A

four, 12 months, meet, episode

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38
Q

FOR RAPID CYCLING These episodes can occur in any …

A

combination and order

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39
Q

FOR RAPID CYCLING episodes must be demarcated by either a (FILL IN) or a (FILL IN)

A

period of full remission (2
months symptom free)

Change in mood of the opposite polarity

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40
Q

FOR RAPID CYCLING, FEMALES ARE …

A

MORE LIKELY

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41
Q

RAPID CYCLING IS MORE COMMON IN

A

BIPOLAR 2

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42
Q

RAPID CYCLING has a

A

WORSE LONGTERM OUTCOME

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43
Q

Ultra-rapid cycling

A

switches between states in the magnitude of days-
weeks

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44
Q

Ultra-ultra rapid cycling

A

switches between states in the
magnitude of hours-days

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45
Q

Bipolar is considered one of the most (FILL IN ) driven disorder, SO PSYCHIATRIST RELIED ON ( FILL IN)

A

“biological”, MEDICATION

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46
Q

Severe mania usually leads to (FILL IN)
* Therefore the intervention is (FILL IN), not therapy

A

hospitalization, MEDICATION

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47
Q

Multiple endpoints (“poles”) of the disorder make it hard to (fill in ) for in (fill in) experiments

A

control for, psychological

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48
Q

Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory

A

Two motivational systems
that work inversely of each other and are responsible for coordinating
behavior
* Behavioral Activation System (BAS)

  • Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
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49
Q

Behavioral Activation System (BAS)

A

Behavior to attain rewards and goals

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50
Q

Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)

A

Avoidance behavior to avoid threats / punishment

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51
Q

High scores in (FILL IN) categories associated with higher probability of (FILL IN)
as well as be an indicator of an upcoming episode

A

BAS , bipolar diagnosis

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52
Q

Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Idea: In people with bipolar disorder, their (FILL IN) system is (FILL IN) ; as well as prone to extreme
fluctuations

A

BAS, weakly
regulated and highly sensitive

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53
Q

WITH Hypomania / Mania = (FILL IN) becomes overly active = (FILL IN) in
goal attainment, reward-seeking, elevated energy

A

BAS , increase

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54
Q

WITH Depression = (FILL IN ) becomes deactivated / shutdown =
(FILL IN ) in motivation to approach / obtain rewards (anhedonia, low
energy

A

BAS , decrease

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55
Q

Response Styles Theory – 4 response or coping styles

A

Ruminative Style, Distraction Style, Risk-taking Style, Problem-Solving Style

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56
Q

Ruminative Style

A

thoughts/behaviors that focus the individual’s attention
on their symptoms and the causes/consequences of those

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57
Q

Distraction Style

A

thoughts/behaviors that take the individual’s mind off
their symptoms (actively ignoring symptoms

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58
Q

Risk-taking Style

A

maladaptive distractions (usually dangerous activities)

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59
Q

Problem-Solving Style

A

plan of action to alleviate symptoms

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60
Q

Depression - scoring high in (FILL IN) style , associated with (FILL IN)

A

rumination, prolonged depressive symptoms/episodes

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61
Q

Hypomania/Mania – scoring high in ( FILL IN ) STYLES

A

RUMINATION, DISTRACTION, RISK TAKING

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62
Q

Manic-Defense model - psychodynamic approach

A

mania is viewed as an unconscious defense mechanism to maintain psychological
homeostasis and evade the depressive state / cognitions

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63
Q

Manic-Defense model - psychodynamic approach - Life events that may be a (FILL IN ) to an underlying fragile self-esteem lead to (FILL IN ) to prevent the underlying (FILL IN ) from entering consciousness

A

threat, mania-like symptoms, depressive cognitions

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64
Q

Manic-Defense model - psychodynamic approach- Mania is not seen as (FILL IN ) of depression but rather (FILL IN )

A

opposite, one entity

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65
Q

Extensions of the cognitive styles for unipolar depression

A

Individuals
with mania have positive cognitive distortions/ schemas about themselves /
environment

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66
Q

Extensions of the cognitive styles for unipolar depression- > View mania is (FILL IN) of depression

A

polar opposite

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67
Q

Extensions of the cognitive styles for unipolar depression -> Bipolar individuals developed (FILL IN ) that may (FILL IN ) the risk for mania which may be activated by positive events later in life
* So, positive cognitive schemas= (FILL IN )

A

positive cognitive styles, increase, DIATHISIS

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68
Q

Typically all PSYCHOLOGICAL interventions used in conjunction with …

A

medication

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69
Q

Psychotherapeutic approaches are (FILL IN) designed as a treatment in an acute episode

A

NOT

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70
Q

Prodromes ARE

A

early symptom(s) indicating onset of disease/illness

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71
Q

Gold Standard in Treatment: The Barcelona Approach

A

1.) Awareness of disorder,
2.) Medication nonadherence (patients don’t take medications as
prescribed)
3.) The importance of avoiding substance abuse
4.) Early detection of new episodes
5.) Lifestyle regularity

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72
Q

Prodromes for Mania

A

Poor quality of sleep / start to decrease need for
sleep, Elevated mood, Increased activity, Extreme goal-setting

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73
Q

Prodromes for Depression

A

Sleep disturbance, anxiety, tension, G.I. problems, fatigue, emotional distancing,

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74
Q

Family-focused therapy -> GOAL

A

Address family dynamics and relationships and how they contribute to factors
that help or hurt the illness

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75
Q

Family-focused therapy STRUCTURE

A

1.) Assessment, Psychoeducation component, Communication enhancement component:, Problem-solving skills training component:

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76
Q

Family-focused therapy -> ASSESMENT

A

Identify communication patterns of family. Identify if high expressed
emotion (EE) is present

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77
Q

expressed emotion

A

attitudes, behaviors, emotions by the caregiver toward the
person being cared for

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78
Q

Family-focused therapy ->
Psychoeducation component

A

Discuss Etiology of illness, Identify prodromes, Improve medication adherence

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79
Q

Family-focused therapy -> Communication enhancement

A

Enhancing quality / efficiency of family’s communication

80
Q

Family-focused therapy -> Problem-solving skills training

A

Come up with a relapse prevention plan, identifying what to do during the aftermath

81
Q

CBT BASIC TENET

A

Change conceptualization of how the individual structures
and interprets their moods, experiences, and behavior

82
Q

CBT IS (FILL IN ) when someone has manic symptoms

A

more difficult

83
Q

IN CBT, focus on Target (FILL IN) during the (FILL IN) period

A

cognitions, prodromal

84
Q

CBT Daily mood monitoring-

A

connections between mood
and sleep / stressors, seasonal changes

85
Q

CBT Activity scheduling-

A

enhance beh. activation
depressive episodes; minimize stimulation during mood
elevation

86
Q

CBT Identify early warning signs / limit impulsivity -

A

“48
hours before acting” rule – WAIT 48 HOURS before acting on any major decision / purchase

87
Q

CBT Treatment contracting

A

formulate written plan for
support team

88
Q

DBT GOAL ->

A

How thoughts and emotions affect behavior. Dialectical = integration of
opposites: how acceptance and change can coexist

89
Q

DBT is not trying to focus on (FILL IN ) your cognitive schemas, but rather
(FILL IN ) that intense emotions/distress can happen and figure out a way to
(FILL IN ) from this.

A

changing, accept, move on

90
Q

DBT Hierarchy of behavioral targets

A
  • Decrease life-threatening behaviors
    – Decrease therapy-interfering behaviors
    – Change quality of life-interfering behaviors
    – Increase skills development
91
Q

DBT COMPONENTS

A

Mindfulness, Distress tolerance, Emotional regulation, Interpersonal effectiveness, Walking the middle path

92
Q

DBT STRUCTURALY CONSITS OF

A

Weekly individual therapy session , Skills group training , In the moment telephone consultations ,Therapy team consultation

93
Q

WITH DBT, Client becomes (FILL IN) to operate independently and self-soothe

A

own therapist

94
Q

Circadian / social rhythm disruption theory

A

Life provides internal / external
cues that entrain our circadian rhythm. Disruption in these cues
lead to potential development / trigger of mood episodes

95
Q

Circadian / social rhythm disruption theory -> Bipolar disorder is a result of (FILL IN ) circadian rhythm

A

dysregulated

96
Q

Photic stimuli

A

endogenous 24-hour
biological cycles ( sunlight, seasonal changes)

97
Q

Circadian / social rhythm disruption theory -> Bipolar disorder is a result of (FILL IN ) social rhythm

A

dysregulated

98
Q

Nonphotic stimuli

A

exercise, social interactions, eating/ drinking
patterns, life events

99
Q

Circadian / social rhythm disruption theory RELEVANCE -> Disrupted sleep is (FILLL IN ) in mood episodes, is associated with a
(FILL IN ), and can present an e(FILL IN) for
triggering the episodes

A

prevalent , worse course of illness, Early warning sign

100
Q

IPSRT

A

To regularize daily
routines = stabilize moods and
prevent episodes, restore
rhythmicity

101
Q

IPSRT Use (FILL IN ) to
quantify daily social rhythms

A

social rhythm metric

102
Q

IPSRT , Increases (FILL IN ), lengthens
(FILL IN )

A

recovery, time between episodes

103
Q

IPSRT focus on resolution of (FILL IN ) and
prevention of future problems

A

current interpersonal problems

104
Q

Heritability index (H2) ->

A

estimate the degree of variance in a
trait/disorder in the population due to genetic variance

105
Q

Genes contribute more of a role in (FILL IN ) than (FILL IN )

A

bipolar disorder, major
depressive disorder

106
Q

Major depressive disorder (GENE ROLE)

A

25-40%

107
Q

BIPOALR ( GENE ROLE)

A

60-85%

108
Q

Usually measure GENE CONTRIBUTION by examining / comparing

A

TWIN STUDIES, PARENT/ OFFSPRING STUDIES, ADOPTION STUDIES

109
Q

Agree that disorders are …

A

polygenic

110
Q

old” way in examining genetic
markers for a disorder ARE

A

CANDATE GENE STUDIES

111
Q

Candidate genes

A

genes involved in
processes that are believed to be aberrant

112
Q

EXAMPLE CANIDATE GENE STUDY

A

Examined serotonin-transporter
gene in depression

113
Q

People with s/s were (FILL IN ) as likely to experience (FILL IN ) as l/l

A

2X , MDD

114
Q

“new” way in examining genetic markers for a disorder

A

GWAS STUDY

115
Q

GWAS

A

study where the entire genome is
investigated to identify candidate genes by comparing polymorphisms in individuals without disorder/disease and individuals with
disorder/disease

116
Q

IN BIPOLAR Decreased (FILL IN ), increase in (FILL IN )

A

cortical thickness , ventricle size

117
Q

candidate genes still do not provide a direct ….

A

biological
mechanism

118
Q

Can also look at how BPD genes overlap with other disorders, EXAMPLE

A

BPD1 genes linked closer to schizophrenia
BPD2 genes linked
closer to MDD

119
Q

IN BIPOLAR , Decreases in….

A

gray / white matter integrity

120
Q

FOR ANATOMICAL CHNAGES (FILL IN ) between subtypes of BD

A

No differences

121
Q

Evidence points more towards (FILL IN ) vs.
structural changes in a specific brain area

A

dysfunction in brain networks

122
Q

Brain network

A

coordinated brain activity – how activity of brain
regions correlate with each other

123
Q

We do know there is shifting activation between poles / episodes =
usually (FILL IN )

A

lateralized shifting of activity

124
Q

People with bipolar disorder usually show some extent of altered
connectivity among …..

A

triple network model:

125
Q

Default mode network

A

Brain regions that
are active when you are not engaged in a task

126
Q

Default mode network May be (FILL IN ) in BPD in absence of stress

A

overactive

127
Q

Salience network

A

Detecting / shifting attention, integration of
and filtering of salient stimuli

128
Q

Central Executive control network

A

IUnvolved in working memory,
reasoning, problem solving, flexible thinking, rational decision making

129
Q

Monoamine hypothesis

A

depletion in serotonin / norepinephrine
responsible for mood / emotion imbalances

130
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

Faulty mechanisms leading to hyperdopaminergic
states (mania) and hypodopaminergic states

131
Q

Glutamate / GABA imbalance

A

altered balance of glutamatergic
(excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) markers, in particular to an increased glutamatergic tone during mania / decreased GABAergic activity

132
Q

MEDICATION CONSISTS OF A combination of …

A

Mood Stabilizers, Anticonvulsants, Antipsychotics

133
Q

medication may depend on THE
…

A

predominant state

134
Q

antidepressants can cause a (FILL IN ) therefore caution is greatly used when administering in a
bipolar depressive episode

A

switch to hypomania /
mania,

135
Q

(FILL IN) are fully
or partially nonadherence in the year after a manic episode

A

60%

136
Q

Patients who discontinue medications are at a greater increased risk of ..

A

relapse and suicide

137
Q

Factors in choosing WHICH BIPOLAR MEDICATION

A

Past history
-Severity
-Predominant polarity
-Speed of onset
-Patient preference
-Family history
-Side effects

138
Q

Lithium WAS FDA-approved for manic illness IN

A

1970

139
Q

LITHIUM IS A

A

MODD STABILIZER

140
Q

LITHIUM HAS (FILL IN ) in preventing depressive and manic episodes

A

Equal efficacy

141
Q

LITHIUM Found (FILL IN ) of suicide attempts if taken

A

significantly lower levels

142
Q

LITHIUM RESPONSE

A

5-14 DAYS

143
Q

LITHOIUM YOU (FILL IN) THE DOSE

A

TITRATE

144
Q

LITHIUM Requires close-monitoring of …

A

blood levels

145
Q

LITHIUM SIDE EFFECTS

A

Kidney problems, hypothyroidism, weight gain

146
Q

LITHIUM negative effect on

A

glutamate / dopamine system

147
Q

LITHIUM positive effect on

A

GABA system

148
Q

LITHIUM Influences ..

A

intracellular signaling cascades

149
Q

LITHIUM Produces

A

neuroprotective effects

150
Q

LITHIUM Influences resetting of

A

circadian rhythms

151
Q

Anticonvulsants EX

A

Valproate,Lamotrogine, Carbamazepine, Divalproex

152
Q

Anticonvulsants ARE Used in (FILL IN) treatment (usually in conjunction with (FILL IN)

A

maintenance , lithium

153
Q

Anticonvulsants ARE A (FILL IN) AND (FILL IN) channel blocker. Suppress
release of(FILL IN) , diminishing (FILL IN) and enhancing (FILL IN)

A

SODIUM, CALCIUM , glutamate, excitation, inhibition

154
Q

First-generation ARE …

A

TYPICAL

155
Q

Ex. 1st generation –

A

Thorazine (chlorpromazine), haloperidol (Haldol)

156
Q

second-generation ARE…

A

atypical

157
Q

Ex 2nd generation –

A

Zyprexa (Olanzapine), Risperidol

158
Q

ANTIPSYCHOTICS ARE Typically (FILL IN) than (FILL IN) at treating manic episodes

A

faster, LITHIUM

159
Q

ANTIPSYCHOTICS Focus on …

A

positive symptoms

160
Q

BOTH typical and atypical have the same …

A

efficacy

161
Q

Atypical antipsychotics have
fewer…

A

extrapyramidal side effects

162
Q

ANTIPSYCHOTICS Block the action of (FILL IN) primarily by blocking (FILL IN). Also act on (FILL IN) and
(FILL IN) receptors

A

dopamine, D2
receptors, acetylcholinergic, serotonin

163
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Involves involuntary
movements of the lips and tongue

164
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

characterized by high fever and extreme
muscle rigidity that can be fatal if left
untreated

165
Q

Long-term exposure TO (FILL IN) can be detrimental

A

ANTIPSYCHOTICS

166
Q

WITH ANTIPSYCOTICS YOU CAN Observe slight changes within(FILL IN) , but takes (FILL IN)

A

24 hours, days to several weeks

167
Q

Diathesis Stress Model

A

Depression develops from vulnerabilities/predispositions
for depression combined with stressful conditions

168
Q

IN THE Diathesis Stress Model THESE vulnerabilities can be

A

genetic, biological,
psychological, or cognitive

169
Q

Early Adversity

A

refers to many different kinds of difficult early life experiences that
contribute to hardship (distal risk factor)

170
Q

a lot of evidence that early adversity can play a (FILL IN) in the development of depression

A

causal role

171
Q

Retrospective Studies

A

find people who are depressed and ask them if they
experienced early adversity

172
Q

Prospective Studies

A

select a sample of children from family services and
follow up with them to see if there are differences between those
who were maltreated and those who were not

173
Q

retrospective studies are influenced by (FILL IN ) and (FILL IN)

A

recall bias, current psychopathology

174
Q

prospective studies give (FILL IN) for the causal role
of early adversity

A

good support

175
Q

Mediators

A

explains
the relationship
between two variables

176
Q

Moderators

A

influences the
strength or direction of
the relationship
between two variables

177
Q

Early adversity is a subset of what we might refer to as (FILL IN) –
any events, either acute or chronic, that cause stress

A

life stress

178
Q

USED THE contextual threat method TO DEVELOP THE

A

Life
Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS)

179
Q

(LEDS)

A

way to define and rate acute / chronic stressors

180
Q

(FILL IN ) of inds. With depression report an acute, severe life event
(FILL IN) to the onset of a depressive episode

A

50-80% , prior

181
Q

certain types of stressful life events that are especially
likely to lead to depression ->

A

Loss events, humiliation-entrapment
events, and targeted bullying/criticism/discrimination

182
Q

Kindling Theory

A

first episodes of
depression require a lot more stress
than later episodes

183
Q

Kindling Theory -> stress may become (FILL IN) over time

A

less or not
important

184
Q

Sensitization Theory

A

that minor stressors play a more important role in
later depressive episodes

185
Q

Sensitization Theory -> stress becomes (FILL IN) over time

A

more important

186
Q

Higher (FILL IN) is associated with (FILL IN) outcomes in
bipolar individuals, in particular manic episodes

A

life stress, poorer

187
Q

Stressful life events are associated with (FILL IN)
in individuals with bipolar disorder in a very similar way as in
individuals with (FILL IN)

A

Depressive episodes, MDD

188
Q

Events that activate the (FILL IN)
can trigger manic episodes

A

BAS SYSTEM

189
Q

(FILL IN) of suicide victims had a psychiatric disorder at time

A

90%

190
Q

Some groups that experience higher rates of suicide

A

Veterans
– RURAL POP.
– Sexual and gender minorities
– Middle-aged adults
– Native Americans

191
Q

risk factors for completed suicide

A

-History of psychiatric disorders
– Family history of suicide
– Sexual minority and gender minority identity
– Early adversity
– Financial/legal problems

192
Q

(FILL IN ) is the #1 risk factor for suicide

A

Depression

193
Q

Contagion effect

A

suicidal behavior is “contagious” either through direct
or indirect involvement with an individual who has committed suicide

194
Q

Passive Suicidal Ideation

A

Having thoughts of your own death, but not about killing yourself

195
Q

Non-Specific Active Suicidal Ideation

A

Concrete thoughts of killing oneself but no specific methods/plans

196
Q

Specific Active Suicidal Ideation

A

Having thoughts of suicide along with thoughts of at least one method of how one
would do so. Can have a plan or not.

197
Q

Imminent Risk

A

someone has active suicidal ideation, has a plan, has access to
their means/methods, and has an intention to carry it out.

MOOD DISORDERS (7 decks)

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