Substance use disorder

Question 1

What is tolerance

Answer 1

adaptive state due to increase need to take more of a drug to experience the same effects

Question 2

What is addiction

Answer 2

severe psycological dependence

Question 3

What is dependence

Answer 3

Compulsion to take the drug
Psychological drive to experience pleasure or to avoid potential discomfort

Question 4

What does dependence result in

Answer 4

desensitization and down-regulation of receptors

Question 5

What is heroin

Answer 5

an opioid

Question 6

MOA of heroin

Answer 6

inhibit GABA release
incr. DA release=euphoria, satisfaction and pleasure

Question 7

Admin of Heroin

Answer 7

IV, IM, SC, Inhaled, smoked

Question 8

SEs of heroin

Answer 8

Restlessness

Question 9

Withdrawal symptoms of heroin

Answer 9

Mydriasis
yawning
fever
sweating
pilorection
nausea
diarhoea
insomnia
depression
nervousness
shaking
cramps`

Question 10

Heroin intake symptoms

Answer 10

Pupillary miosis
conjunctival injection
injection sites identified on arms
decr. respiratory rate
bradycardia
absent bowel sounds

Question 11

Treatment of opioid detoxification and substitution

Answer 11

Long-acting opioids: Buprenorphine, methadone

Question 12

What is Buprenorphine

Answer 12

partial agonist at mu-opiod receptor

Question 13

When is Buprenorphine used

Answer 13

for outpatient use

Question 14

Overdose potential for Buprenorphine

Answer 14

Low

Question 15

Drug used for suppressing Heroin withdrawal syndrome

Answer 15

Methadone

Question 16

Drug used for maintenance therapy relapse prevention of Heroin

Answer 16

Naltrexone

Question 17

MOA of Naltrexone

Answer 17

mu-opiod receptor antagonist, competitively blocks effects of heroin

Question 18

When will Naltrexone be prexcribed

Answer 18

When the patient has high motivation
And has to be opioid free for 7-10 days before Naltrexone therapy

Question 19

Drug used for opioid overdose

Answer 19

Naloxone

Question 20

MOA of Naloxone

Answer 20

competitive mu-opioid receptor antagonist
=reverses acute effects of morphine/heroi in minutes (life-saving)

Question 21

What is THC

Answer 21

psycoactive component of cabbinoids

Question 22

MOA of THC

Answer 22

disinhibition of DA neurons by presynaptic inhibition of GABA neurons in VTA

Question 23

half-life of THC

Answer 23

21.5 hrs

Question 24

onset of THC

Answer 24

fast initial onset effects= euphoria and relaxation

Question 25

half-life of CBD

Answer 25

56-61 hrs

Question 26

acute withdrawal effects of Cabinnoids

Answer 26

anxiety attacks acute psychosis hallucination

Question 27

Abrupt cabbinoid cessation symptoms

Answer 27

restlessness irritability agitation insomnia cramps

Question 28

Treatment of Cabinnoid effects

Answer 28

BDZ: for hallucinations

Question 29

MOA of Cannabis

Answer 29

Neurotransmitter bind to Cannabinoid R: CB1 = decr. GABAergic inhibition of DA release =incr. DA release

Question 30

Admin of Cannabis

Answer 30

smoking

Question 31

What is Cannabis

Answer 31

Hallucinogen

Question 32

Earlier onset age of Cannabis predisposes you to

Answer 32

Schizophrenia

Question 33

MOA of alcohol

Answer 33

Enhance inhibitory neurotransimssion at GABA-A receptors, NR and 5HT3 Rs Reduce excitatory neurotransmission at Glutamate Rs, NMDA Rs, Voltage gated Ca Rs

Question 34

How does alcohol affect women differently

Answer 34

they have a lower total body water content =higher peak conc.

Question 35

Low conc. of alcohol are metabolised

Answer 35

safely by 2-sterp process

Question 36

High conc. of alcohol are metabolised

Answer 36

in alternate pathways--> toxic by-products

Question 37

Toxic by-product of alcohol metabolism

Answer 37

Actealdehyde

Question 38

Enzyme that metabolises alcohol to its metabolite

Answer 38

Aldehyde dehydrogenase ADH

Question 39

Which are the ADH inhibitors

Answer 39

Disulfiram Metronidazole Trimethorpin

Question 40

Alcohol inhibits which reflex

Answer 40

the cough reflex

Question 41

Alcohol poisoning symptoms

Answer 41

trouble with balance problems with muscle co-ordination progressive erratic behaviour vomiting

Question 42

Medical Treatment of alcohol

Answer 42

BDZs: curb withdrawal symptoms Anticonvulsant protect against seizures Long-term absitence: Naltrexone, Disulfuram, Acamprosate

Question 43

Which are the psychomotor stimulants

Answer 43

Cocaine Amphetamines

Question 44

MOA of cocaine

Answer 44

inhibit Catecholamine reuptake of DA, NE and SE by blocking DA transporter (DAT)

Question 45

Cocaine is also a

Answer 45

potent local vasoconstrictor =block neuronal voltage sensitive Na channel

Question 46

Half-life of cocaine

Answer 46

short: 30-90min

Question 47

DOA of cocaine

Answer 47

6 hrs shorter when inhaled/snorted

Question 48

onset of action of cocaine

Answer 48

60 mins to reach peak conc.

Question 49

Cocaine abuse symptoms

Answer 49

Euphoria reduced appetie hyperactive sleep disturbance anxiety tachycardia

Question 50

Cocaine abuse risks

Answer 50

intracranial hemorrhage ischemic stroke MI ventricular arrythmia seizures

Question 51

Amphetamines are

Answer 51

synthetic, indirect acting sympathomimetic drugs

Question 52

Amphetamine abuse symptoms

Answer 52

dehydration sweating excessive water intake: Hyponatraemia

Question 53

MOA of amphetamines

Answer 53

release endogenous neurotransmitters like DA, NE and SE

Question 54

Common amphetamines

Answer 54

methamphetamine dextroamphetamine methyphenidate ecstasy

Question 55

Amphetamine withdrawal symptoms

Answer 55

fatigue depression sleep problems

Question 56

MOA of nicotine

Answer 56

agonist at NR in VTA incr. DA release in NAc

Question 57

What is nicotine

Answer 57

a CNS stimulant that incr. BP ad HR