Substance use disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What is tolerance

A

adaptive state due to increase need to take more of a drug to experience the same effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is addiction

A

severe psycological dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is dependence

A

Compulsion to take the drug
Psychological drive to experience pleasure or to avoid potential discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does dependence result in

A

desensitization and down-regulation of receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is heroin

A

an opioid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MOA of heroin

A

inhibit GABA release
incr. DA release=euphoria, satisfaction and pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Admin of Heroin

A

IV, IM, SC, Inhaled, smoked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SEs of heroin

A

Restlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of heroin

A

Mydriasis
yawning
fever
sweating
pilorection
nausea
diarhoea
insomnia
depression
nervousness
shaking
cramps`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heroin intake symptoms

A

Pupillary miosis
conjunctival injection
injection sites identified on arms
decr. respiratory rate
bradycardia
absent bowel sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of opioid detoxification and substitution

A

Long-acting opioids: Buprenorphine, methadone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Buprenorphine

A

partial agonist at mu-opiod receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is Buprenorphine used

A

for outpatient use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Overdose potential for Buprenorphine

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drug used for suppressing Heroin withdrawal syndrome

A

Methadone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Drug used for maintenance therapy relapse prevention of Heroin

A

Naltrexone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MOA of Naltrexone

A

mu-opiod receptor antagonist, competitively blocks effects of heroin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When will Naltrexone be prexcribed

A

When the patient has high motivation
And has to be opioid free for 7-10 days before Naltrexone therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Drug used for opioid overdose

A

Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MOA of Naloxone

A

competitive mu-opioid receptor antagonist
=reverses acute effects of morphine/heroi in minutes (life-saving)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is THC

A

psycoactive component of cabbinoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MOA of THC

A

disinhibition of DA neurons by presynaptic inhibition of GABA neurons in VTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

half-life of THC

A

21.5 hrs

24
Q

onset of THC

A

fast initial onset effects= euphoria and relaxation

25
Q

half-life of CBD

A

56-61 hrs

26
Q

acute withdrawal effects of Cabinnoids

A

anxiety attacks
acute psychosis
hallucination

27
Q

Abrupt cabbinoid cessation symptoms

A

restlessness
irritability
agitation
insomnia
cramps

28
Q

Treatment of Cabinnoid effects

A

BDZ: for hallucinations

29
Q

MOA of Cannabis

A

Neurotransmitter bind to Cannabinoid R: CB1
= decr. GABAergic inhibition of DA release
=incr. DA release

30
Q

Admin of Cannabis

A

smoking

31
Q

What is Cannabis

A

Hallucinogen

32
Q

Earlier onset age of Cannabis predisposes you to

A

Schizophrenia

33
Q

MOA of alcohol

A

Enhance inhibitory neurotransimssion at GABA-A receptors, NR and 5HT3 Rs
Reduce excitatory neurotransmission at Glutamate Rs, NMDA Rs, Voltage gated Ca Rs

34
Q

How does alcohol affect women differently

A

they have a lower total body water content
=higher peak conc.

35
Q

Low conc. of alcohol are metabolised

A

safely by 2-sterp process

36
Q

High conc. of alcohol are metabolised

A

in alternate pathways–> toxic by-products

37
Q

Toxic by-product of alcohol metabolism

A

Actealdehyde

38
Q

Enzyme that metabolises alcohol to its metabolite

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase ADH

39
Q

Which are the ADH inhibitors

A

Disulfiram
Metronidazole
Trimethorpin

40
Q

Alcohol inhibits which reflex

A

the cough reflex

41
Q

Alcohol poisoning symptoms

A

trouble with balance
problems with muscle co-ordination
progressive erratic behaviour
vomiting

42
Q

Medical Treatment of alcohol

A

BDZs: curb withdrawal symptoms
Anticonvulsant protect against seizures
Long-term absitence: Naltrexone, Disulfuram, Acamprosate

43
Q

Which are the psychomotor stimulants

A

Cocaine
Amphetamines

44
Q

MOA of cocaine

A

inhibit Catecholamine reuptake of DA, NE and SE by blocking DA transporter (DAT)

45
Q

Cocaine is also a

A

potent local vasoconstrictor
=block neuronal voltage sensitive Na channel

46
Q

Half-life of cocaine

A

short: 30-90min

47
Q

DOA of cocaine

A

6 hrs
shorter when inhaled/snorted

48
Q

onset of action of cocaine

A

60 mins to reach peak conc.

49
Q

Cocaine abuse symptoms

A

Euphoria
reduced appetie
hyperactive
sleep disturbance
anxiety
tachycardia

50
Q

Cocaine abuse risks

A

intracranial hemorrhage
ischemic stroke
MI
ventricular arrythmia
seizures

51
Q

Amphetamines are

A

synthetic, indirect acting sympathomimetic drugs

52
Q

Amphetamine abuse symptoms

A

dehydration
sweating
excessive water intake: Hyponatraemia

53
Q

MOA of amphetamines

A

release endogenous neurotransmitters like DA, NE and SE

54
Q

Common amphetamines

A

methamphetamine
dextroamphetamine
methyphenidate
ecstasy

55
Q

Amphetamine withdrawal symptoms

A

fatigue
depression
sleep problems

56
Q

MOA of nicotine

A

agonist at NR in VTA
incr. DA release in NAc

57
Q

What is nicotine

A

a CNS stimulant that incr. BP ad HR