Substance use disorder Flashcards
What is tolerance
adaptive state due to increase need to take more of a drug to experience the same effects
What is addiction
severe psycological dependence
What is dependence
Compulsion to take the drug
Psychological drive to experience pleasure or to avoid potential discomfort
What does dependence result in
desensitization and down-regulation of receptors
What is heroin
an opioid
MOA of heroin
inhibit GABA release
incr. DA release=euphoria, satisfaction and pleasure
Admin of Heroin
IV, IM, SC, Inhaled, smoked
SEs of heroin
Restlessness
Withdrawal symptoms of heroin
Mydriasis
yawning
fever
sweating
pilorection
nausea
diarhoea
insomnia
depression
nervousness
shaking
cramps`
Heroin intake symptoms
Pupillary miosis
conjunctival injection
injection sites identified on arms
decr. respiratory rate
bradycardia
absent bowel sounds
Treatment of opioid detoxification and substitution
Long-acting opioids: Buprenorphine, methadone
What is Buprenorphine
partial agonist at mu-opiod receptor
When is Buprenorphine used
for outpatient use
Overdose potential for Buprenorphine
Low
Drug used for suppressing Heroin withdrawal syndrome
Methadone
Drug used for maintenance therapy relapse prevention of Heroin
Naltrexone
MOA of Naltrexone
mu-opiod receptor antagonist, competitively blocks effects of heroin
When will Naltrexone be prexcribed
When the patient has high motivation
And has to be opioid free for 7-10 days before Naltrexone therapy
Drug used for opioid overdose
Naloxone
MOA of Naloxone
competitive mu-opioid receptor antagonist
=reverses acute effects of morphine/heroi in minutes (life-saving)
What is THC
psycoactive component of cabbinoids
MOA of THC
disinhibition of DA neurons by presynaptic inhibition of GABA neurons in VTA