Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Antifungals > Flashcards

Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

What are fungal infections

A

They are slow growing, difficult to treat infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do fungal infections occur

A

In devitalized or avascular tissues such as the skin, nails, hair, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of treatment do fungal infections require?

A

They require prolonged treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which are the Superficial Fungal infections

A

Dermatomycoses: ring worm species
Candidiasis: mucous membrane infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of Dermatomycoses

A

Tinea Pedis: athletes foot
Tinea corporis: body
Tinea Cruris: groin
Tinea Capitis: scalp
Tinea Unguium: nalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Places where Candidiasis occur

A

Skin
Mouth: thrush
Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which are the Systemic Fungal Infections?

A

Systemic Candidiasis
Cryptococcosis: meningitis
Systemic Aspergillosis: respiratory issues in Immunocompromised patients
Blastomycosis: lung infection
Histoplasmosis: lung infection
Emergomycosis: found in immunocompromised patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which are the Systemic Antifungals

A

Amphotericin B
Azoles
Echinocandins
Griseofulvin
Terbinafine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which are the Topical Antifungals

A

Terbinafine
Nystatin
Clotrimazole
Miconazole
Ketoconazole
Econazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Amphotericin B

A

Its a very toxic systemic antifungal with a broad spectrum pof activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indications of Amphotericin B

A

Disseminated Candidiasis
Cryptococcosis
Murcomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Aspergillus
Emergomycosis
Sporotrichiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA of Amphotericin B

A

it binds to ergosterol thus altering the permeability of fungal cell by forming pores in the cell membrane–> allows for leakage of cell contents–> interferes with fungal integrity= Fungal Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Admin of Amphotericin B

A

IV as its absorption from GI tract is negligible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What else can Amphotericin B be used as?

A

as local antifungal for fungi within the lumen of GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amphotericin B is DOC for

A

most serious systemic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is Amphotericin B used

A

Used as induction therapy than its replaced by the newer azole once fungal burden has been reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Elimination of Amphotericin B

A

its eliminated slowly–> over several day period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AEs of Amphotericin B due to Infusion rxns

A

fever
chills
headache
myalgia
NV
Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

AEs of Amphotericin B due to Cumulative Toxicity

A

NEPHROTOXIC
Renal impairment: pre-renal injury, renal tubular acidosis
Renal Tubular acidosis: K and Mg wasting
Anemia: decr. EPO production due to damaged renal cells
Abnormalities in liver function seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DIs of Amphotericin B

A

Aminoglycosides, Tenofovir, Cyclosporine
Diuretics: worsen Hypokalemia
Digoxin: hypokalemia may worsen Digoxin toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which are the Azoles used in Fungal infections

A

Imidazoles: topical use
Triazole: systemic use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name the Imidazoles

A

Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Clotrimazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the Triazoles

A

Itraconazole
Fluconazole
Voriconazole
Posaconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Indications of the Azoles

A

Broad spectrum of activity against Dermatophytes and Invasive yeast infections like the Candidiasis and Cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
MOA of Azoles
Inhibit fungal CYP450(14-demethylase) enzymes leading to a reduction in Ergosterol synthesis
26
Which azoles are more selective
Triazoles are more selective than Imidazoles--> Imidazoles have incr. incidence of AEs
27
AEs of Azoles
Hepatotoxicity NV Diarrhea Headache SKin rash
28
DIs of Azoles
Azoles inhibit CYP450=incr. serum conc. of co-administered drugs
29
CIs of Azoles
Pregnancy as its Teratogenic Lactation as its excreted in breast milk
30
Exception to CIs of Azoles
females who are at term and have severe vaginal Candidiasis
31
Indication of Voriconazole
DOC: Invasive Aspergillosis Candida spp.: serious ones resistant to fluconazole Oropharyngeal and Oseophageal Candidiasis
32
AEs of Voriconazole
Visual disturbances Photosensitivity Dermatitis(chronic oral) Toxicity: rash and raised hepatic enzymes
33
Is Voriconazole effective against UTIs
No, as its excreted as an inactive metabolite in the urine
34
Indications of Fluconazole
Vaginal and Oropharyngeal Candidiasis not responding to topical treatment Oesophageal and systemic Candidiasis Cryptococcal Meningities
35
Fluconazole is administered to whom
As prophylaxis to immunocompromised patients to reduce fungal infections *bone marrow transplant, AIDs patients
36
Effect of Fluconazole on Hepatic Enzymes
has the least effect on heaptic enzymes --> less DIs'
37
Indications of Itraconazole
Dermatophytosis: tenia species Onchomychosis: nail infections Azole of choice in: dimorphic fungi infections Candidaisis not responding to conventional treatment Alternative therapy for Aspergillosis not responding to standard therapy
38
Admin of Itraconazole
Orally via capsule: absorption incr. by food and low gastric pH Oral solution preferred in Oropharyngeal/Oesophageal candidiasis
39
DIs of Itraconzaole
Avoid antacids as they increase gastric pH--> decr absorption of drug
40
Indications of Posaconazole
Most Candida: alternate agent in Oropharyngeal/Oesophageal candidiasis Aspergillosis: alternative Murcomycosis
41
Admin of Posaconazole
Oral suspension *fatty meal incr. its absorption
42
Which are the Echinocandins
Caspofungin Anidulafungin Micafungin
43
MOA of Echinocandins
specifically inhibit D-glucan synthesis which is essential to fungal cell wall integrity--> compromises integrity of cell--> cell wall becomes permeable= cell lysis
44
Indications of Caspofungin
Candidiasis: invasive O+O Aspergillus: salvage therapy Empiric therapy for febril Neutropenia
45
SEs of Caspofungin
minor GIT SEs Flushing
46
Admin of Caspofungin
IV ONLY
47
Indications of Micafungin and Anidulafungin
Systemic invasive Candidiasis infections
48
MOA of Griseofulvin
inhibits fungal mitosis
49
Indications of Griseofulvin
limited to Dermatophytic infections of skin, nail and hair Fungistatic *not active against Candidia
50
Admin of Griseofulvin
Oral *absorption incr. by fatty food *avoid mil
51
AEs of Griseofulvin
Headaches Skin Rashes Altered taste sensation Dry mouth
52
Griseofulvin have largely been replace by
Itraconazole+Terbinafine for systemic treatment of Dermatophytosis
53
MOA of Terbinafine
inhibits Squalene Epoxidase which prevents Ergosterol synthesis
54
Indications of Terbinafine
Superficial Dermatophytosis of skin, nail and hair Candida albicans
55
PK of Terbinafine
highly lipophilic--> distributes preferentially to hair, skin, nail bed Fungicidal Keratophilic
56
Admin of Terbinafine
Oral: for 12wks=cures 90% of onychomycosis (more effective than Griseofulvin or Itraconazole) Topical
57
AEs of Terbinafine
GIT upset Headache Skin rxns Arthralgia Taste disturbances Hepatotoxicity
58
Indications of Nystatin
Oropharyngeal thrush Vaginal Candidiasis Intertriginous Candidal infections *not effective aginst Dermatophyte skin infecrions
59
Admin of Nystatin
Cutaneous cream/ointment Vagina: vaginal tablets Topical oral suspension: has local or topical effect as its not ansorbed systemically
60
Who can use Nystatin be used in
Infants as topical suspension for oral thrush on tongue upper palate Patients with dentures
61
Indications of Clotrimazole and Miconazole
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Dermatophytic infections including Tenia species Oral Candidiasis
62
Topical Antifungals indicated for Dermatophytosis (any tinea)
MECK: Cream Clotrimazole Econazole Miconazole Ketoconazole
63
Topical Antifungals indicated for Vaginal Candidiasis
MEC: vaginal cream/tablet Clotrimazole Econazole Miconazole
64
Topical Antifungals indicated for Oral candidasis (oral thrush)
MC Miconazole: oral gel Clotrimazole: lozenge
65
Topical Antifungals indicated for Pityriasis Versicolor
Ketoconazole: shampoo
66
Topical Antifungals indicated for Seborrheic Dermititis
Ketoconazole: shampoo

Pharmacology (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions