Substance Use and Related Disorders

Question 1

Substance Intoxication:

Answer 1

the development of a reversible substance-specific syndrome due to the recent ingestion of substance. Maladaptive behaviours result of effects on CNS

Question 2

Substance Withdrawal:

Answer 2

Maladaptive behavioural change that is due to the cessation of prolonged heavy substance use.

Question 3

Common medications for opioid recovery:

Answer 3

methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone

Question 4

Alcohol dependence medications:

Answer 4

acamprosate, disulfiram, naltrexone

Question 5

CAGE Questionnaire

Answer 5

cut down, annoyed by people criticizing your drinking, guilty about drinking, eye opener

Question 6

5 A’s of Alcohol Intervention:

Answer 6

Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist, Arrange

Question 7

Detoxification:

Answer 7

a process by which, under the care of a healthcare provider, individuals are systematically withdrawn from addictive substances in an either inpatient or outpatient setting.

Question 8

Wernicke’s Syndrome:

Answer 8

An alcohol induced amnestic disorder caused by thiamine deficiency that manifests with oculomotor dysfunction (unable to follow object accurately or shift eyes quickly from one point to another), ataxia (lack of coordination), and confusion/delirium

Question 9

Korsakoff’s Syndrome:

Answer 9

A chronic memory disorder caused by a severe deficiency of thiamine (in alcoholism). Profound deficit in ability to form new memories and a variable deficit in recall of old memories. Confabulation is a key feature.

Question 10

Confabulation:

Answer 10

false memories, perceptions, or beliefs that are the consequence of neurologic dysfunction or damage. Key feature of Korsakoff’s syndrome.

Question 11

Progression of Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms:

Answer 11

5-10 Hours After Cessation of Drink: hand tremors, agitation, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, tactile disturbances, auditory disturbances, visual disturbances, headaches, orientation disturbances
Progress to: Autonomic Overactivity – sweating, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hyperthermia, insomnia
In severe cases: seizures, delirium tremens, death

Question 12

Delirium Tremens:

Answer 12

An episode of intense alcohol withdrawal characterized by disorientation and global confusion, agitation, severe tremor, fluctuating levels of consciousness, autonomic instability, incontinence, frightening visual hallucinations

Question 13

Commonly Affected Vitamins in Alcohol Abuse:

Answer 13

1. Thiamine
2. Folic Acid
3. B6 Pyrioxidine
4. Niacin
5. Vitamin A

Question 14

What electrolyte are habitual drinkers usually deficient in and what is the effect of this?

Answer 14

Magnesium; lowers seizure threshold

Question 15

Four Medications used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder:

Answer 15

1. Naltrexone: opioid agonist – treatment of dependence
2. Acamprosate: prevents craving
3. Topiramate: not yet approved
4. Gabapentin: not yet approved

Question 16

Caffeine can cause:

Answer 16

tremors, impair motor performance, anxiety, dysphoria, insomnia, tachycardia, pulmonary/coronary artery dilation, cerebral vascular constriction

Question 17

Caffeine Intoxication symptoms:

Answer 17

restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, GI complaints

Question 18

Caffeine Withdrawal:

Answer 18

headache, insomnia, abnormal dreams, drowsiness, fatigue, impaired psychomotor performance, difficulty concentrating, craving, yawning, nausea

Question 19

Symptoms of Opioid Intoxication

Answer 19

decreased LOC, respiratory compromise, constricted pupils, seizures, bradycardia, hypotension

Question 20

Symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal:

Answer 20

anxiety, dysphoria, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, papillary dilation, piloerection, diarrhea, yawning, fever, insomnia

Question 21

Symptoms/Course of Stimulant Use with withdrawal symptoms:

Answer 21

Burst of alertness, euphoria, confidence, decreased need for sleep and lowered appetite. Depletes NE and when drug is continued an immediate crash occurs. Symptoms include: agitation, depression, fatigue, discomfort, increased appetite, unpleasant dreams, cravings, suicidal thoughts *no visible symptoms (shaking/vomiting)