Substance Use and Related Disorders Flashcards
Substance Intoxication:
the development of a reversible substance-specific syndrome due to the recent ingestion of substance. Maladaptive behaviours result of effects on CNS
Substance Withdrawal:
Maladaptive behavioural change that is due to the cessation of prolonged heavy substance use.
Common medications for opioid recovery:
methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone
Alcohol dependence medications:
acamprosate, disulfiram, naltrexone
CAGE Questionnaire
cut down, annoyed by people criticizing your drinking, guilty about drinking, eye opener
5 A’s of Alcohol Intervention:
Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist, Arrange
Detoxification:
a process by which, under the care of a healthcare provider, individuals are systematically withdrawn from addictive substances in an either inpatient or outpatient setting.
Wernicke’s Syndrome:
An alcohol induced amnestic disorder caused by thiamine deficiency that manifests with oculomotor dysfunction (unable to follow object accurately or shift eyes quickly from one point to another), ataxia (lack of coordination), and confusion/delirium
Korsakoff’s Syndrome:
A chronic memory disorder caused by a severe deficiency of thiamine (in alcoholism). Profound deficit in ability to form new memories and a variable deficit in recall of old memories. Confabulation is a key feature.
Confabulation:
false memories, perceptions, or beliefs that are the consequence of neurologic dysfunction or damage. Key feature of Korsakoff’s syndrome.
Progression of Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms:
5-10 Hours After Cessation of Drink: hand tremors, agitation, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, tactile disturbances, auditory disturbances, visual disturbances, headaches, orientation disturbances
Progress to: Autonomic Overactivity – sweating, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hyperthermia, insomnia
In severe cases: seizures, delirium tremens, death
Delirium Tremens:
An episode of intense alcohol withdrawal characterized by disorientation and global confusion, agitation, severe tremor, fluctuating levels of consciousness, autonomic instability, incontinence, frightening visual hallucinations
Commonly Affected Vitamins in Alcohol Abuse:
- Thiamine
- Folic Acid
- B6 Pyrioxidine
- Niacin
- Vitamin A
What electrolyte are habitual drinkers usually deficient in and what is the effect of this?
Magnesium; lowers seizure threshold
Four Medications used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder:
- Naltrexone: opioid agonist – treatment of dependence
- Acamprosate: prevents craving
- Topiramate: not yet approved
- Gabapentin: not yet approved
Caffeine can cause:
tremors, impair motor performance, anxiety, dysphoria, insomnia, tachycardia, pulmonary/coronary artery dilation, cerebral vascular constriction
Caffeine Intoxication symptoms:
restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, GI complaints
Caffeine Withdrawal:
headache, insomnia, abnormal dreams, drowsiness, fatigue, impaired psychomotor performance, difficulty concentrating, craving, yawning, nausea
Symptoms of Opioid Intoxication
decreased LOC, respiratory compromise, constricted pupils, seizures, bradycardia, hypotension
Symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal:
anxiety, dysphoria, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, papillary dilation, piloerection, diarrhea, yawning, fever, insomnia
Symptoms/Course of Stimulant Use with withdrawal symptoms:
Burst of alertness, euphoria, confidence, decreased need for sleep and lowered appetite. Depletes NE and when drug is continued an immediate crash occurs. Symptoms include: agitation, depression, fatigue, discomfort, increased appetite, unpleasant dreams, cravings, suicidal thoughts *no visible symptoms (shaking/vomiting)
