Depression/Bipolar

Question 1

Affect + 5 Types

Answer 1

observable expression of mood. 5 types
* Blunted
* Flat
* Inappropriate
* Labile
* Restricted/constricted

Question 2

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 2

5 or more of the following symptoms during the same 2 week period and represent a change from previous functioning. At least one of the symptoms is 1 or 2.
1. Depressed mood most of the day
2. Anhedonia: markedly diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities of the day nearly every day.
3. Significant weight loss/weight gain/decrease/increase in appetite
4. Insomnia/hypersomnia
5. Psychomotor agitation/retardation
6. Fatigue/loss of energy
7. Feelings of worthlessness/excessive guilt
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate/indecisiveness
9. Recurrent thoughts of death

Question 3

Major Depressive Episode

Answer 3

depressed mood/anhedonia for at least 2 weeks

Question 4

Dysthymic Disorder

Answer 4

milder, chronic form of major depressive disorder. Eating and sleeping behaviours affected.

Question 5

Freud’s Drive Theory

Answer 5

psychodynamic factor of depression development. Depression occurs as a result of an early lack of love, with resultant guilt, anger, and helplessness

Question 6

Milieu Therapy

Answer 6

an approach using the total environment to provide a therapeutic community; a therapeutic environment

Question 7

FICA

Answer 7

spiritual assessment; faith, importance/influence, community, address

Question 8

How are bipolar disorders distinguished from depressive disorders?

Answer 8

Manic/hypomanic episodes in addition to depressive episodes

Question 9

Bipolar I:

Answer 9

One or more manic episodes generally with a major depressive occurrence

Question 10

Bipolar II:

Answer 10

Periods of major depression accompanied by at least one incidence of hypomania

Question 11

Cyclothymic Disorder:

Answer 11

Periods of hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes that do not meet the full criteria for an MDE

Question 12

Hypomanic Episode:

Answer 12

Mildly dysphoric mood that meets the same criteria as for a manic episode except that it lasts at least 4 days rather than 1 week and no marked impairment in social or occupational functioning is present.

Question 13

Manic Episode

Answer 13

A distinct period during which where is an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. If there are psychotic features, the episode is, by definition, manic.

Question 14

Symptoms of Mania:

Answer 14

1. increased self-esteem/grandiosity
2. decreased need for sleep
3. more talkative than usual/pressure to keep talking
4. flight of ideas/subjective experience of racing thoughts
5. Easily Distracted
6. increase in goal directed activity/psychomotor agitation
7. Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences

Question 15

Secondary Mania:

Answer 15

mania as a result of metabolic abnormalities, neurologic disorders, CNS tumors, and medications

Question 16

Kindling:

Answer 16

etiology of bipolar disorder; repeated subthreshold stimulation of a neuron generates an action potential, which cumulatively creates a mood swing. After a while, stimulation of these areas can be brought by external events, memories, or spontaneously.

The idea behind kindling theory is that just like a small spark can start a fire, small stressors or emotional events can trigger these mood swings in people with bipolar disorder. At first, it might take a big stressor to cause a mood swing. But over time, even tiny stressors can set off a big reaction, just like how a small spark can set a big fire if there’s enough kindling.

So, the more mood episodes a person has, the easier it might become for them to have more episodes in the future, even if the things that trigger them are smaller