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psych 0205 > substance use and related disorders > Flashcards

substance use and related disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

2 DSM-5 diagnoses related to substance

A
  1. substance-induced disorders - caused by substance
  2. substance use disorders
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2
Q

list the substance-induced disorders

A

substance intoxication
substance withdrawal

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3
Q

substance intoxication

A

substance-INDUCED
person ingests substance then develops reversible syndrome
as substance leaves the body, the effects of the substance are reduced and eventually disappear
symptoms are specific to the substance used but are clinically significant

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4
Q

substance withdrawal

A

substance-INDUCED
pattern!!! of repeated episodes of intoxication leads to withdrawal syndrome
occurs when…
1. physiological dependence developed
2. sudden reduction or cessation of use
3. experience characteristic grouping of symptoms
substance-specific problematic behavior changes with psychological or physiological impairment

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5
Q

substance-use disorders

A

a pathological (maladaptive, causing personal harm) pattern of behaviors related to the use of a substance
underlying changes in brain circuitry even beyond detox
typically involves withdrawal symptoms
impaired control over use of substance
social impairment
risky use
physiological dependence
psychological dependence
addiction
tolerance and withdrawal = pharmacological criteria

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6
Q

pathways to drug dependence (weiss & mirin)

A

experimentation - routine use - dependence

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7
Q

major categories: drugs of abuse

A

depressants - slows activity of CNS
stimulants - increase activity of CNS
hallucinogens

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8
Q

alcohol (depressant)

A

most widely abused substance
more common in men
between 20-40 years old
genetic component
more common in those with anti-social personality disorder
higher in individuals of lower socioeconomic status
higher in individuals with less education
higher in people who live alone

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9
Q

physiological affects of alcohol

A

heighten activity of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (leads to feelings of relaxation)

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10
Q

psychological effects of alcohol

A

vary from person to person
interaction of the physiological effects and our interpretation of them

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11
Q

physical effects of heavy use of alcohol

A

liver disease (alcoholic hepatitis & cirrhosis)
increased risk of cancer
coronary heart disease
neurological: Korsakoff’s syndrome - severe vitamin B deficiency, impairment of body’s ability to absorb nutrients
significant memory loss - RARE b/c long term memories lost first

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12
Q

barbiturates (depressant)

A

sedative drugs: amorbarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital
also sleep medications: hypnotics & anti-anxiety meds (anxiolytics)
high potential for addiction but highly controlled

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13
Q

opioids (depressant)

A

narcotic (pain relief)
highly addictive, very controlled
naturally occurring: morphine, heroin, codeine
synthetic: demerol, darvon
function like endorphins

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14
Q

morphine

A

narcotic drug, relieves pain and induces feelings of well-being
restricted drug
no stigma until in became restricted
highly addictive but necessary in some very painful surgeries

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15
Q

heroin

A

no stigma until it began to be restrictive
narcotic derived from morphine
highly addictive
very powerful depressant
most widely used opiate

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16
Q

stimulants

A

activate the central nervous system
types:
1. amphetamines
2. ecstasy
3. cocaine
4. nicotine
5. caffeine

17
Q

amphetamines

A

stimulant - synthetic
causes hallucinations and delusions
can cause amphetamine psychosis

18
Q

ecstasy (MDMA)

A

stimulant
known as a designer drug
high risk for negative psychological effects

19
Q

cocaine

A

stimulant - natural
increases dopamine
rise in blood pressure can lead to fatal symptoms

20
Q

nicotine

A

stimulant that releases epinephrine

21
Q

hallucinogens (psychedelics)

A

LSD - synthetic
PCP - originally designed to be an anesthetic
marijuana - cannabis sativa plant

22
Q

LSD

A

hallucinogen
causes sensory distortions
can cause relaxation and euphoria but also negative psychological symptoms and panic

23
Q

biological theory: substance disorders

A

neurotransmitter changes, familial patterns suggest genetic influence

24
Q

learning theory: substance disorders

A

substance use disorders result from learned behaviors and can be unlearned
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
- observational learning
- relapse = negative reinforcement for withdrawal symptoms

25
Q

cognitive theory: substance disorders

A

role of expectancies - socially, physically
substance use may increase person’s self-esteem or self-efficacy

26
Q

psychodynamic theory: substance disorders

A

oral fixation leads to dependent personality
applies to substances ingested orally, but oral fixation tends to be highly dependent people too

27
Q

sociocultural theory: substance disorders

A

result from environment, norms, culture, and peer pressure

28
Q

treatments for substance disorders (general)

A

detoxification
inpatient programs
relapse prevention
AA
naltrexone - blocks euphoric & sedative effects

29
Q

treatment - alcohol use disorder

A

antabuse - didn’t work as hoped because people just stopped taking it
suboxone - used for opioids too
AA

30
Q

treatment - cocaine

A

antidepressants - inconsistent though

31
Q

treatment - opioids

A

methadone - synthetic substitute for heroin - doesn’t produce a high but still addictive
suboxone
naloxone (narcan) - knocks opioids out of receptors to prevent overdose

32
Q

abuse of gambling disorder

A

persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior that disrupts personal, family, and/or vocational pursuits
clinically significant impairment and/or distress for the individual or others in their lives

33
Q

3 criteria for something to be considered gambling

A
  1. wagering money on an object of value
  2. bet is irreversible
  3. outcome relies on chance
34
Q

treatment of gambling disorder

A

harm reduction - don’t immediately cut out gambling right away
CBT - having the person modify their thoughts about gambling
medication depending on what may be co-occurring with the gambling disorder
inpatient, outpatient, and group modalities

psych 0205 (9 decks)

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