eating disorders & sleep-wake disorders Flashcards
eating disorder
persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related disorder that results in altered consumption or absorption of food that causes distress and ___
anorexia nervosa
onset often associated with a stressful life event
restricting of food intake that results in significantly low body weight
intense fear of gaining weight/becoming fat despite low body weight
disturbance at body image - body dysmorphia
disorder of EXTREME CONTROL
weight loss thought of as a challenge
subtypes of anorexia nervosa
restricting type - use of dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise to lose weight
binge-eating/purging type - binge eating (ONLY for that person, actually a regular amount of food) then self-induced vomiting by various means
anorexia nervosa - medical complications
emaciation - extremely low body weight
amenorrhea - cessation of menstruation
anemia
low blood pressure
hypothermia - lowered body temp
bradycardia - slowed heart rate
dry, cracked, or yellowed skin from lack of nutrition
lanugo - fine downy hair covering to warm the body
enlargement of salivary glands
elevated suicide risk
bulimia nervosa
recurrent episodes of binge-eating (LARGE amounts of food) - more than is typical within a 2 hour period
recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain (self-induced vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise) - directly related to binge period
LACK OF CONTROL disorder
of or above normal weight
behaviors occur at least once a week for 3 months
medical complications - bulimia nervosa
fluid & electrolyte disturbance
esophageal tears from frequent vomiting
gastic rupture
cardiac irregularities
GI complications
mouth/skin irritation
scars on back of hands from teeth
damage to tooth enamel
elevated suicide risk
causal factors for eating disorders: socio-cultural, emotional, learning, cognitive, family, biological
socio-cultural: societal pressures/expectations to look a certain way
emotional: refocusing emotions on food or body
learning: weight phobia, role of negative reinforcement (relief from anxiety about weight gain by avoiding food)
cognitive: perfectionism, distorted thinking
family factors: controlling families, punishing families, family conflict
biological factors: serotonin
treatment of eating disorders
hospitalization
behavioral therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy
interpersonal therapy
sleep cycles
EEG technology began study of sleep
stages:
1. start to feel drowsy
2. light but deeper
3. even deeper
4. deepest sleep, hard to wake
REM - occurs after one sleep cycle
sleep-wake disorders
insomnia
hypersomnolence
narcolepsy
parasomnia
breathing-related
insomnia disorder
difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting restorative sleep (3 and 4)
hypersomnolence disorder
excessive daytime sleepiness, excessive night time sleep
doesn’t feel the restorative effects of sleep
narcolepsy
sudden intrusions of REM sleep
cataplexy - loss of muscle tone so person crumples
almost always results from a loss of hypothalamic hypocretin, a neuropeptide
breathing-related sleep-wake disorders
obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
central sleep apnea
sleep-related hypoventilation
obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
sleep is repeatedly disrupted by difficulty breathing regularly
abnormally slow, shallow breathing
obesity can cause this
Cpap machine regulates breathing
