personality and impulse control disorders Flashcards
personality disorder general
characteristically different than all of the other disorders we’ve covered - personality isn’t fully functional until late adolescence or early adulthood, so diagnoses don’t occur until 18 years of age
personality disorder specific
an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that:
deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture
is pervasive & flexible
has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood
is stable over time
leads to distress or impairment
*unlikely to change because they usually do not think there is anything that needs to change
3 clusters of personality disorders
cluster A: odd or eccentric
cluster B: dramatic, emotional, or erratic
cluster C: anxious or fearful
Cluster A personality disorders (odd or eccentric)
Paranoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
paranoid personality disorder
problems with relationships with others, difficult to get along with
suspects others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving
preoccupation with unjustified doubts
reluctance to confide in/trust others
reads hidden meanings in benign remarks/events
persistently bears grudges
perceives character attacks by others
hostile and combative responses
extreme lack of trust leads to excessive need to be self-sufficient
schizoid personality disorder
restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings
does not desire or enjoy close relationships
lacks close friends
chooses solitary activities
little or no interest in sexual experience with others
takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
appears indifferent to praise or criticism
emotional coldness, detachment, or flat affect
schizotypal personality disorder
don’t quite meet the diagnosis for schizophrenia
ideas of reference (not to the point of being full-fledge delusions) - just odd interpretations of things
odd beliefs or magical thinking influence behavior (preoccupied with superstitions, etc.)
unusual perceptive experiences
odd thinking and speech
suspicions or paranoia
inappropriate or constricted affect (laughing at something sad, not expressing emotion when they typically would)
lack of close friends
excessive social anxiety
odd, eccentric, peculiar behavior or experience
Cluster B personality disorders (dramatic, emotional, erratic)
antisocial personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
histrionic personality disorder
narcissistic personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder
against society - failure to conform to lawful behavior
deceitfulness
impulsivity
irritability and aggressiveness
reckless disregard for safety of self or others
consistent irresponsibility
lack of remorse
at least 18 years of age
evidence of Conduct Disorder before age 15
lack empathy, cynical, callous, contempt for rights of others, blaming the victim
borderline personality disorder
pervasive pattern of instability due to low sense of self
frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
pattern of unstable & intense interpersonal relationships
identity disturbance
potentially self-damaging impulsivity
recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats or self-mutilation behaviors
affective instability due to mood reactivity
chronic emptiness
anger issues
transient paranoia or dissociation
self-harm provoked by high fear of abandonment
histrionic PD
pervasive and excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior
highly uncomfortable when they aren’t the center of attention
sexually seductive or provocative behavior
no emotional depth
overly concerned with impressing other eople
uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
very impressionable, overly trusting of others, overestimates closeness of a relationship
dramatic, theatrical, exaggerated emotional expression
inaccurate interpretation of relationships’ intimacy
narcissistic PD
grandiose sense of self-importance
believes they’re special
requires excessive admiration
sense of entitlement
interpersonally exploitive
lacks empathy
often envious or beliefs others to be
arrogant behaviors and attitudes
rooted in lack of self-esteem
cluster C personality disorders (fear and anxiety)
avoidant personality disorder
dependent personality disorder
obsessive compulsive PERSONALITY disorder
avoidant PD
social inhibition
avoids occupational activities involving interpersonal contact (fears)
avoids involvement with others unless being liked is certain
fear of shame or ridicule by others
preoccupied with being criticized or rejected
feelings of inadequacy –> inhibited in social situations
highly sensitive to negative evaluation
sees self as socially inept, unappealing, or inferior
want a social life but too scared to take risks
reluctance to engage due to embarrassment fears
dependent PD
need to be taken care of
requires excessive advice from others in decision making (usually latch onto one person for help with decisions)
needs others to assume life responsibilities
difficulty expressing disagreement with others, fears loss of support/approval
not a fear of abandonment, but excessive dependence on another
lack of confidence –> difficulty with independent actions
excessive need to obtain nurturance and support
feels helpless or uncomfortable when alone
urgently seeks replacement relationships
unrealistic preoccupation with fears of having to take care of self
