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psych 0205 > schizophrenia and related disorders > Flashcards

schizophrenia and related disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

schizophrenia general

A

chronic psychotic disorder characterized by a range of cognitive, behavioral, perceptual, and emotional dysfunction
has positive and negative symptoms

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2
Q

positive symptoms

A

addition of things that are abnormal

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3
Q

negative symptoms

A

lack of something considered typical
e.g., emotion, pleasure, social withdrawal

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4
Q

delusions

A

individual may not find their delusions to be a problem, but people around them might

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5
Q

delusions examples

A

false beliefs
fixed beliefs not amenable to change that represent disturbed thought content
persecutory delusions
referential delusions
grandiose delusions
erotomanic delusions
nihilistic delusions
somatic delusions
thought broadcasting
thought insertion
thought withdrawal

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6
Q

persecutory beliefs (delusions)

A

belief that an individual may be hurt or harassed by an individual, group, or organization

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7
Q

referential beliefs (delusions)

A

beliefs that gestures, comments, and other environmental cues are directed at the individual

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8
Q

grandiose beliefs (delusions)

A

when an individual beliefs that they have exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame that they don’t have

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9
Q

erotomanic delusions

A

believes falsely that another person is in love with them

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10
Q

nihilistic delusions

A

conviction that a major catastrophe will occur

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11
Q

somatic delusions

A

preoccupations with health and organ functioning in particularly odd ways

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12
Q

thought broadcasting

A

belief that one’s thoughts are somehow transmitted to the external world so that others can see or hear them

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13
Q

thought insertion

A

believes one’s thoughts have been planted into one’s mind by some external source(s)

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14
Q

thought withdrawal

A

belief that one’s thoughts have been removed from one’s mind by some external sources

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15
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory perceptions; full force and have the same impact as normal perceptions
occur WITHOUT AN EXTERNAL STIMULUS

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16
Q

auditory hallucinations

A

most common hallucination type
usually experienced as voices which may be familiar or unfamiliar

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17
Q

hallucination types

A

auditory
visual
olfactory
gustatory
tactile
command
somatic

18
Q

tactile hallucinations

A

skin sensations

19
Q

command hallucinations

A

experiences that they are being commanded to behave in a particular way

20
Q

somatic hallucinations

A

feelings within the body, or bodily functioning that isn’t there - usually very odd

21
Q

presentations of disorganized thinking and speech

A

illogical thoughts
derailment or loose associations
tangentiality
incoherence/word salad

22
Q

derailment/loose associations

A

disorganized speech where an individual switches between topics that don’t go together logically

23
Q

tangetiality

A

disorganized speech when an individual is in conversation and their answers to questions have nothing to do with the questions being asked

24
Q

negativism

A

resistance to instruction associated with schizophrenia

25
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

diminished emotional expression (flat affect)
lack of volition (less self-initiated purposeful activities)
diminished speech output
anhedonia
asociality

26
Q

diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

A

two or more of:
delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech
grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
negative symptoms
**symptoms present for at least 6 months

27
Q

phases of schizophrenia

A
  1. prodromal - gradual deterioration, no hallucinations or delusions
  2. acute - hallucinations, delusions, illogical thinking, incoherent speech
  3. residual phase - return to normal levels of symptoms more similar to prodromal phase
28
Q

psychodynamic theory: schizophrenia

A

ego being overwhelmed by Id
individual regresses back to oral stage due to internal conflict
no effective treatment from this perspective

29
Q

learning theory: schizophrenia

A

potential causes are learning through modeling or reinforced behavior

30
Q

family theories: schizophrenia

A

schizophrenigenetic mother - cold and distant

31
Q

genetic evidence for schizophrenia

A

concordance rates
more common in monozygotic twins

32
Q

biochemistry theory: schizophrenia

A

dopamine hypothesis - irregularities in the brain’s use of dopamine
medications related to dopamine as a treatment support this

33
Q

viral infections: schizophrenia

A

flu in the first trimester of pregnancy link

34
Q

brain abnormalities: schizophrenia

A

structural - prefrontal cortex
brain circuitry - connections to various areas within the brain and limbic system

35
Q

diathesis stress model - schizophrenia

A

protective factors can stop stress and diathesis from leading to schizophrenia

36
Q

treatment approaches: schizophrenia

A

antipsychotic meds - block dopamine receptors (side effect - tardive dyskinesia)
learning theory - selective reinforcement, token economy
psychosocial rehabilitation
family intervention

37
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

side effect to long term antipsychotic use
frequent eye blinking, involuntary movements, tremors, involuntary chewing, lip smacking, etc.

38
Q

schizophrenia spectrum disorders

A

brief psychotic disorders (NOT chronic)
schizophreniform disorder - lasts less than 6 month, schizophrenic-like symptoms
delusional disorder - persistent, clearly delusional beliefs as the primary symptoms (no other schizophrenia symptoms)

39
Q

other psychotic disorders

A

schizoaffective disorder
erotomania

40
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

schizophrenic features and severe mood disturbances

41
Q

erotomania

A

believes they’re loved by someone (usually famous)

psych 0205 (9 decks)

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