disorders involving gender & sexuality Flashcards
gender identity
one’s psychological sense of being female or being male
transgender identity
the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sex organs of another
gender dysphoria
marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender
lasts at least 6 months
not all that have a transgender identity experience this
controversial - should this be a diagnosis?
THEORIES FOR THIS ARE SUB PAR AT BEST
psychodynamic theory: gender dysphoria
arises from extremely close mother-son relationships or when a child has emotionally empty relationship with parents
when a child has an absent or distressed father
overidentification with mother in young males
girls with weak and ineffectual mothers may identify more with their fathers
learning theory: gender dysphoria
modeling is important in understanding the development of this
absent father in young boys
biological theory: gender dysphoria
transgender identity may develop from male sex hormones impact on the brain
diathesis stress model: genetic influence + hormones + interactions with life experiences
sexual dysfunction
persistent or recurring problems with sexual arousal, interest, or response
characterized by inability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure
4 subtypes of sexual dysfunction
- lifelong - from first sexual experience onward
- generalized - not limited to certain partners or situations
- acquired
- situational
potential influences on sexual dysfunction
partner factors
relationship factors
individual vulnerability
cultural or religious factors
medical factors
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
lowered sexual desire in males
female sexual interest/arousal disorder
lowered sexual desire in females
orgasmic disorders
female orgasmic disorder
delayed ejaculation
premature ejaculation
pain/penetration disorders
genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
treatment: sensate focus
psychological causes of sexual disorders
physically or psychologically traumatizing experience, conditioned anxiety from a history of sexual trauma
performance anxiety
unrealistic beliefs
biological causes of sexual disorders
testosterone plays a key role in sexual desire for everyone
narcotics can decrease production of testosterone
cardiovascular disease can reduce blood flow to genitals
paraphilic disorders
any intense & persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners
exhibitionism (flashing)
strong and recurrent urges, fantasies, or behaviors of exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting others for the purpose of sexual arousal
CRIME WHEN ACTED ON
transvestic fetishism
recurrent & intense sexual arousal from cross-dressing, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors experienced for at least 6 months
fetishistic disorder
recurrent & intense sexual arousal from either the use of non-living objects or focus on non-genital body parts
individuals often can’t become sexually aroused without the subject of the fetish
voyeuristic disorder (peeping tom)
recurrent & intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person in the process of disrobing or engaging in sexual activity
CRIME WHEN ACTED ON
frotteuristic disorder
recurrent & intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person
CRIME WHEN ACTED ON
sexual masochism disorder
recurrent & intense sexual arousal from act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer
sexual sadism disorder
recurrent and intense sexual arousal from physical or psychological suffering of another person
this is non-consenting individual and ALSO A CRIME
consenting version of this is sadomasochism
pedophilic disorder
recurrent and intense sexual arousal involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children
patient must be at least 16 years of age and at least 5 years older than the child or children that the individual is experiencing urges over
child must be at most 13
