Substance Related Disorders

Question 1

Psychoactive Substances

Answer 1

• alcohol
• nicotine
• barbiturates
• tranquilizers
• amphetamines
• horoid
• ecstasy
• marijuana

Question 2

Toxicity

Answer 2

poisonous nature of the substance

Question 3

Substance Abuse

Answer 3

excessive use of substance that causes:

1. hazardous behavior
2. continued use despite social, psychological, occupational, health problems

Question 4

Substance Dependence

Answer 4

• severe substance-use disorder
• physiological need for larger amounts of substance
• experience withdrawal

Question 5

Tolerance

Answer 5

• need for increased amounts of substance to achieve desired effects.
• results from biochemical changes in body that affects metabolization

Question 6

Withdrawal

Answer 6

• physical symptoms due to abstinence of drug
• i.e. sweating, tremors, tension

Question 7

Symptoms of Substance Abuse Disorder

Answer 7

• recurrent use causing failure to fill obligations
• recurrent use in hazardous situations
• recurrent substance-related legal problems
• continued use despite social & interpersonal problems

Question 8

Symptoms of Substance-Dependence

Answer 8

1. Tolerance
2. Withdrawal
3. substance taken in larger amounts
4. desire & unsuccessful effort to cut down
5. spending lots of time trying to obtain, using, recovering from substance
6. given up social, occupational, recreational activities
7. use despite physical, psychological problems

Question 9

Alcohol’s effect on brain

Answer 9

• low levels: activates pleasure areas
• high levels: slows brain functioning, inhibits glutamate (impairing judgement, lowering self control)
• loss of motor coordination
• dulled perceptions of discomfort
• increase self esteem and adequacy

Question 10

Physical effects of Alcohol

Answer 10

• Cirrhosis of liver
• reduction of appetite
• malnutrition
• stomach pain

Question 11

Psychosocial effects of Alcohol

Answer 11

• chronis fatigue
• oversensitivty
• depression
• personality deterioration
• memory loss

Question 12

Alcohol Withdrawal Delerium

Answer 12

• After drinking excessively, pt enters withdrawal
• agitated by slight noises
• disorientation
• hallucinations
• acute fear
• suggestibility
• tremors

Question 13

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Answer 13

• dimentia symptoms due to lack of vitamin B
• confabulation
• delerious, delusional, disoriented
• planning deficits
• intellectual decline
• emotional deficits
• judgment deficits

Question 14

Addiction Process in Brain

Answer 14

• pleasure pathway
• mesocorticolimbic dopamiine pathway (MCLP) ventral tagmental–>nucleus accumbens–>prefrontal cortex
• produces euphoria
• controls emotions memory, gratification
• reinforcement

Question 15

Genetic Vulnerability

Answer 15

• direct relatives pose higher risk for abuse because of inherent motivation to drink and sinsitivity to drug
• those who are impulsive, takes high risks, emotionally unstable

Question 16

Causes for Alcoholism

Answer 16

• trauma
• inability to tolerate stress or tension

Question 17

Alcoholism Tx

Answer 17

• Meds: meds to block desire to drink, craving reducing meds, meds to reduce withdrawal
• Group therapy: face problems
• Environmental Intervention: teach better coping methods
• CBT: aversion conditioning, skills training