Schizophrenia

Question 1

psychosis

Answer 1

loss of reality

Question 2

Kraeplin

Answer 2

• 1st to recognize schizophrenia
• Dementia Praecox: conditions that featured mental deterioration beginning early in life
• hallucinations, apathy, indifference, withdrawn, incapacity to work

Question 3

Bleuler

Answer 3

• 1st to coin schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia: disorganization of thought, lack of coherence btwn thought & emotion, orientation away from reality
• thought there to be differnt types of schizophrenia

Question 4

Onset

Answer 4

• late adolescence, early adult
• earlier and more severe in men than women

Question 5

Delusions

Answer 5

• belief that is fixed and held despite contradictory evidence

1. thoughts are being controlled
2. inserted
3. robbed
4. delusions of reference
5. delusions of body changes

Question 6

Hallucinations

Answer 6

• Sensory experience that seems real but in absence of external stimulus
• sometimes incorporated in delusions
• worse when alone
• rude and vulgar
• misinterpretation on inner speech

1. auditory (most common)
2. visual
3. olfactory
4. tactile
5. sound

Question 7

Disorganized Speech

Answer 7

• fails to make sense
• words are communicative but no understanding of a point
• sometimes using neologism (fake words)

Question 8

Disorganized, Catatonic Behavior

Answer 8

• incapable of personal upkeep
• disorganized behavior
• impairment in prefrontal region
• Catatonia: absence of movement and speech, unusual posture

Question 9

Positive Symptoms

Answer 9

exces or distortion in normal behavior

• delusions
• hallucinations

Question 10

Negative Symptom

Answer 10

Absence or deficit in behavior. Worse prognosis.

• flat emotion
• alogia (little speech)
• avolition (inability to have goal-directed activity)
• asociality
• anhedonia

Question 11

Disorganized Symptoms

Answer 11

• bizarre behavior
• disorganized speech

Question 12

Paranoid Schizophrenia

Answer 12

suspiciousness and difficulty with relationships

• illogical
• being watched, followed, poisoned, talked about, influenced
• delusions of grandeur

Question 13

Disorganized Schizophrenia

Answer 13

disorganized speech, behavior, flat affect. Poor prognosis.

• gradually more reclusive
• preoccupied with fantasies
• emotional indifference
• infantile behavior
• speech incomprehensible
• inability to perform daily activities

Question 14

Catatonic Schizophrenia

Answer 14

excitement (like mania) or stupor

• Echopraxia: imitate actions of others
• Echolalia: mimic phrases
• violent moments
• suggestible

Question 15

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

Answer 15

doesnt fit into other types but has diagnostic criteria

Question 16

Residual Schizophrenia

Answer 16

Has suffered an episode of schizophrenia but do not show any positive symptoms. Only negative ones.

Question 17

Schizoaffective Disorder

Answer 17

Has features of schizophrenia and severe mood disorder

• psychotic symptoms
• changes in mood over itme

Question 18

Schizophreniform Disorder

Answer 18

Psychoses for a month

Question 19

Delusional Disorder

Answer 19

hold beliefs that are false and absurd

• normal behavior
• erotomania: love for someone (of higher status)

Question 20

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Answer 20

sudden onset of psychotic symptoms, disorganized, or catatonic behavior

• only lasts days

Question 21

Shared Psychotic Disorder

Answer 21

develops in someone who has close relationshp with another delusional person

• adopts delusions of another

Question 22

Genetic causes

Answer 22

• If mother is schizophrenic, child more likely to develop schizo

Question 23

Environmental Causes

Answer 23

• If child at high-risk for schizo, and placed in dysfunctional family with high communication deviance-more likely to develop schizo

Question 24

Prenatal Causes

Answer 24

• prenatal viral infection
• rhesus
• nutritional deficiency
• birth complications

Question 25

Early Indicators

Answer 25

• abnormal facial expressions, motor skills
• more deviant during attention tasks

Question 26

Brain Differences

Answer 26

• enlarged ventricles- smaller brain volume
• low frontal lobe activation
• comprimised temporal (connects frontal lobe), hippocampus (memory) and amygdala (emotion)
• thalamus smaller (sensory input)

Question 27

Differences in Neurochemistry

Dopamine

Answer 27

too much causes

1. psychosis
2. Aberrant Salience = attention to unimportant stimuli
3. heightened senses

Question 28

Differences in Neurochemistry

Glutamate

Answer 28

blockage of glutamate receptors cause

1. triggers schizo symptoms
2. degeneration of neurons

Question 29

Expressed Emotion Measure

Answer 29

Measure of family environment. Predicts relapse.

• criticism
• hostility
• emotional overinvolvement

Question 30

Risk Factors

Answer 30

1. high expressed emotion in familly
2. urban living
3. immigration
4. cannabic abuse

Question 31

Meds

Typical

Answer 31

Antipsychotics (neuroleptics):

• Thorazine
• dopamine antagonists (block dopamine)
• best for positive symptoms

Question 32

Side Effects of 1st gen antipsychotics

Answer 32

1. Drowsiness
2. dry mouth
3. weight gain
4. EPS (spasms)
5. Tardive Dyskinesia: involuntary movement of lips, tongue, neck

Question 33

2nd Gen Antipsychotics

Answer 33

• fewer side effects
• work on positive and negative symptoms
• block multiple neurotransmitters

Question 34

Therapy Tx

Answer 34

• family therapy
• case manage
• social skills training
• cognitive remediation
• cog-behavioral therapy