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Abnormal Psych > Cahpter 15: ANS > Flashcards

Cahpter 15: ANS Flashcards

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1
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates ______ through ______ ?

A

visceral activities through visceral reflexes

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2
Q

Structurally, the ANS includes what type of neurons?

A

visceral sensory or afferent neurons, integrating reflex centers in the CNS, and visceral efferent or motor neurons

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3
Q

ANS usually operates with or without control?

A

without

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4
Q

ANS is regulated by ? (4)

A

hypothalamus, cord, medulla, and pons

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5
Q

somatic nervous system contains ?

A

sensory and motor neurons

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6
Q

somatic sensory neurons receive ______ from receptors of the _______ & _______ senses

A

conscious input, special & somatic

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7
Q

Somatic motor neurons innervate _______ to produce ________ movements

A

skeletal muscle, conscious voluntary

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8
Q

effect of a motor neuron is always

A

excitation

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9
Q

Visceral afferent (sensory) fibers transmit ______ from _______ to _________

A

nerve impulses, visceral sense organs, visceral reflex centers

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10
Q

Are Visceral sensory fibers myelinated or non-myelinated?

A

non-myelinated

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11
Q

four (4) types of visceral sense organs (4)

A
  1. visceral pain receptors
  2. stretch receptors
  3. temperature receptors
  4. chemical change receptors
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12
Q

Visceral Reflex Centers are located in the? (4)

A
  1. spinal cord
  2. pons
  3. midbrain
  4. hypothalamus
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13
Q

Visceral Efferent (Motor) Pathways a. Transmit nerve impulses to what three (3) effector organs ?

A
  1. glands
  2. muscles
  3. effector tissue
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14
Q

Two divisions that distribute visceral outflow from the CNS

A

1) Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar)

2) Parasympathetic (Craniosacral)

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15
Q

Dual Innervation

A

organs that receive impulses from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

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16
Q

c. The visceral motor neurons regulate visceral activities by either ______ or ______ ongoing activities of the _______

A

exciting, inhibiting, effector organs

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17
Q

somatic motor pathways consist of a single ______ and are stimulatory to ________

A

motor neuron, skeletal muscles

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18
Q

autonomic motor pathways consists of _________ and may be ________ or ______ to _______ and ________

A

two motor neurons in series, stimulatory or inhibitory, glands and smooth and cardiac muscles

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19
Q

autonomic motor pathway for 2 neurons

3 steps

A
  1. first motor neuron has cell body in lateral gray horn of spinal cord or reflex center and its myelinated axon extends to an autonomic ganglion via a cranial or spinal nerve
  2. second motor neuron has cell body in the autonomic ganglion and non-myelinated axon extends to effector organ, smooth muscle, gland.
    1. Autonomic ganglia release acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE).
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20
Q

Preganglionic Neuron (2)

A

first of two autonomic motor neurons

a. Cell Body: located in the brain or spinal cord
b. Myelinated Axon: usually extends to an autonomic ganglion where it synapses with the postganglionic neuron

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21
Q

Postganglionic Neuron (2)

A

second neuron in the autonomic motor pathway

a. Cell Body and Dendrites: located in ganglia, where they synapse with one or more preganglionic fibers
b. Non-myelinated Axon (Fiber): of a postganglionic neuron terminates in a visceral effector organ, smooth muscle, gland

22
Q

cell bodies of Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in ?

A

lateral gray horns of the T1 through L2 segments

23
Q

sympathetic division is called the

A

thoracolumbar division

24
Q

cell bodies of Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in ________ in the _______ and _______

A

Cranial Nerve nuclei (III, VII, IX, and X), brain stem, lateral gray horns of the S2 through S4 segments

25
Q

parasympathetic division is called the

A

craniosacral division

26
Q

Sympathetic Ganglia parts

A
  1. a. Lateral or Vertebral Chain or Paravertebral Ganglia

2. Prevertebral or Collateral Ganglia

27
Q

a. Lateral or Vertebral Chain or Paravertebral Ganglia location

A

lie in a vertical row (string of beads) on either side of the vertebral column

28
Q

Prevertebral or Collateral Ganglia location

A

lie anterior to the spinal column and close to large abdominal arteries

29
Q

Parasympathetic Ganglia parts

A

Terminal or Intramural Ganglia

30
Q

Terminal or Intramural Ganglia location

A

located very close to or actually within the wall of a visceral organ

31
Q

sympathetic division Preganglionic axons leave the spinal cord through the _____ and back through ______

3 steps

A
  1. anterior root of a spinal nerve
  2. travel through white ramus to sympathetic trunk ganglion. White rami communicans connect anterior ramus of the thoracic and first 2 or 3 lumbar spinal nerves with ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
  3. gray ramus communicans contains the postganglionic fibers that connect the ganglion of the sympathetic trunk back to spinal nerve
32
Q

G. Structure of the Parasympathetic Division (2) cranial outflow & sacral parasympathetic outflow

A
  1. The cranial outflow consists of preganglionic axons (4 pairs of ganglia and the plexuses associated with the vagus (X) nerve) that extend from the brain stem in four cranial nerves
  2. sacral parasympathetic outflow consists of preganglionic axons in the anterior roots of sacral nerves 2-4 and form the pelvic
33
Q

Cholinergic Neurons release

A

ACh

34
Q

ACh is released by (3)

A

a. All sympathetic & parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
b. All parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons
c. All sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat glands

35
Q

Adrenergic Neurons release

A

norepinephrine (NE) aka noradrenalin

36
Q

norepinephrine is released by

A

a. Most sympathetic post ganglionic neurons

37
Q

Most body structures receive ____ innervation fibers from both the ________ _________

A

dual, sympathetic & parasympathetic

38
Q

autonomic tone

what is it regulated by?

A

balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity

hypothalamus

39
Q

Sympathetic Fight-or-Flight Responses

  1. Heart pumps _____ blood
  2. Heart rate _______
  3. Cardiac output ______
  4. Blood pressure _______
  5. ______ amount of blood is diverted to skeletal muscles
  6. ______ the release of stored fuels from liver glycogen and adipose tissue
  7. Respiratory rate ______
  8. Respiratory airways _______
A
  1. more
  2. increase
  3. increase
  4. increase
  5. more
  6. increase
  7. increases
  8. increases
40
Q

Parasympathetic Rest-and-Digest Responses

  1. regulate ___ activities that ______
  2. _______ salivation (S)
  3. ______ lacrimation (L)
  4. _______ urination (U)
  5. _______ digestion (D)
  6. _______ defecation (D)
  7. _______ heart rate
  8. _______ airway diameter
  9. _______ pupil diameter
A
  1. Regulate visceral activities that conserve and restore body energy, digest and absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste products
  2. increase
  3. increase
  4. increase
  5. increase
  6. increase
  7. decrease
  8. reduce
  9. constricts
41
Q

Effect of eye (iris) on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: constrict eye pupils

SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: dilate eye pupils

42
Q

Effect of Sweat glands on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: no innervation

SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: stimulate copious sweating

43
Q

Effect of Heart muscle on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: decrease rate

SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS increase rate

44
Q

Effect of Bladder/urethra on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: promote voiding

SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: inhibit voiding

45
Q

Effect of lungs on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: constrict bronchioles

SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: dilate bronchioles

46
Q

Effect of Digestive tract organs on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: increase motility and secretion, relax sphincters

SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: decrease motility and secretion, constrict sphincters

47
Q

Effect of Kidney on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: no innervation

SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: decrease urine output

48
Q

Effect of penis on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: erection (vasodilation)

SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: cause ejaculation

49
Q

Effect of Cellular metabolism on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs

A

PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: no innervation

SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: increase metabolic rate

50
Q

sympathetic Preganglionic axons travel

A
  1. anterior root of spinal nerve
  2. white ramus
  3. sympathetic trunk ganglion
  4. white rami communicans

Abnormal Psych (11 decks)

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