Causal Factors Flashcards
Etiology
Causal Pattern
Sufficient Cause
Condition that guarantees th occurance of a disorder
i.e. Hopelessness is Sufficient Cuase for depression.
Contributory Cause
Increases probability of a disorder.
Diathesis
predisposition twd developing a disorder
Developmental Pathology
determines what is abnormal by comparing and contrasting w. normal and expected changes in development.
4 Bio Factors that cause Maladaptive Behavior
- neurotransmitter & hormone abnormalities
- genetic vulnerability
- temperament
- brain disfunction & neuroplasticity
Synapse
fluid filled space btwn neurons
Neurotransmitters
chemicals released in2 synapse when nerve impulse occurs
Cortisol
Stress hormone that mobilizes body to deal w. stress
Genotype
person’s total genetic endowment
Phenotype
structural & functional characteristics resulting from interaction btwn genotype and environment
Temperament
- Reactivity
- ways of self-regulation
The Psychological Viewpoints
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive-Behavioral
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
Displacement
Fixation
Projection
Rationalization
Reaction formation
Regression
Repression
Sublimation
Psychosexual Stages of Development
Oral stage (ages 0 to 2) Anal stage (ages 2 to 3) Phallic stage (ages 3 to 5 or 6) Latency period (ages 6 to 12) Genital stage (after puberty)
The Behavioral Perspective
- Learning
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
Extinction
When conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus
Operant Conditioning
individual learns how to achieve a desired goal
Generalization
when a response is conditioned to one stimulus it can be evoked by other similar stimuli
Discrimination
when a person learns to distinguish between similar stimuli
cognitive-behavioral perspective
focuses on how thoughts and information processing can become distorted and lead to maladaptive emotions and behavior
Schema
underlying representation of knowledge that guides the current processing of information
Attributions
process of assigning causes to things that happen
Attributional style
characteristic way in which an individual may tend to assign causes to bad or good events
Psychological Causal Factors
- Early deprivation or trauma
- Inadequate parenting styles
- Marital discord and divorce
- Maladaptive peer relationships
