Causal Factors

Question 1

Etiology

Answer 1

Causal Pattern

Question 2

Sufficient Cause

Answer 2

Condition that guarantees th occurance of a disorder

i.e. Hopelessness is Sufficient Cuase for depression.

Question 3

Contributory Cause

Answer 3

Increases probability of a disorder.

Question 4

Diathesis

Answer 4

predisposition twd developing a disorder

Question 5

Developmental Pathology

Answer 5

determines what is abnormal by comparing and contrasting w. normal and expected changes in development.

Question 6

4 Bio Factors that cause Maladaptive Behavior

Answer 6

1. neurotransmitter & hormone abnormalities
2. genetic vulnerability
3. temperament
4. brain disfunction & neuroplasticity

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

fluid filled space btwn neurons

Question 8

Neurotransmitters

Answer 8

chemicals released in2 synapse when nerve impulse occurs

Question 9

Cortisol

Answer 9

Stress hormone that mobilizes body to deal w. stress

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

person’s total genetic endowment

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

structural & functional characteristics resulting from interaction btwn genotype and environment

Question 12

Temperament

Answer 12

• Reactivity
• ways of self-regulation

Question 13

The Psychological Viewpoints

Answer 13

Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive-Behavioral

Question 14

Ego-Defense Mechanisms

Answer 14

Displacement
Fixation
Projection
Rationalization
Reaction formation
Regression
Repression
Sublimation

Question 15

Psychosexual Stages of Development

Answer 15

Oral stage  (ages 0 to 2)
 Anal stage  (ages 2 to 3)
 Phallic stage  (ages 3 to 5 or 6)
 Latency period (ages 6 to 12)
 Genital stage  (after puberty)

Question 16

The Behavioral Perspective

Answer 16

• Learning
• classical conditioning
• operant conditioning

Question 17

Extinction

Answer 17

When conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus

Question 18

Operant Conditioning

Answer 18

individual learns how to achieve a desired goal

Question 19

Generalization

Answer 19

when a response is conditioned to one stimulus it can be evoked by other similar stimuli

Question 20

Discrimination

Answer 20

when a person learns to distinguish between similar stimuli

Question 21

cognitive-behavioral perspective

Answer 21

focuses on how thoughts and information processing can become distorted and lead to maladaptive emotions and behavior

Question 22

Schema

Answer 22

underlying representation of knowledge that guides the current processing of information

Question 23

Attributions

Answer 23

process of assigning causes to things that happen

Question 24

Attributional style

Answer 24

characteristic way in which an individual may tend to assign causes to bad or good events

Question 25

Psychological Causal Factors

Answer 25

1. Early deprivation or trauma
2. Inadequate parenting styles
3. Marital discord and divorce
4. Maladaptive peer relationships