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Abnormal Psych > Childhood Disorders > Flashcards

Childhood Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

ADD

A

difficulties that interfere with tasks

  • impulsitvity
  • excessive motor activity
  • difficulty sustaining attention
  • lower intelligence
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2
Q

Causes for ADD

A
  • genetic inheritance
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3
Q

Tx of ADD

A
  • Amphetamines: decrease overactivity, distractability, increase alert
  • behavior therapy
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4
Q

Oppositional Deviant Disorder

A
  • Defiant, hostile behavior toward authority
  • precurser to conduct disorders
  • begins around 8
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5
Q

Risk Factors

Oppositional Defiant D

A
  1. family discord
  2. low socio economic stat
  3. antisocial parents
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6
Q

Conduct Disorder

A
  • violation of rules and disregard for rights of others.
  • deficit in social behavior
  • hostility, disobedience, aggression, destructive, cruelty to animals
  • comorbid with substance abuse
  • precurser to Antisocial PD
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7
Q

Causes for ODD & Conduct Disorder

A
  1. Low intelligence and failure to accept help
  2. Early onset
  3. Ineffective and neglectful parenting
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8
Q

Tx of Conduct Disorder

A
  • Change parenting style
  • new behavioral techniques
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9
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A
  • anxiety about separation from attachment figures and home
  • usually after major stressor
  • separation causes preoccupation with death of loved ones
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10
Q

Selective Mutism

A
  • Failure to speak in social situations
  • interferes with education and sociability
  • must be able to speak
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11
Q

Causes for Anxiety Disorders

A
  1. traumatic events and overanxiousness
  2. overprotective and anxious parents
  3. indifferent, rejecting parents
  4. cultures that favor inhibition
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12
Q

Tx of Anxiety Disorders

A
  1. Fluoxetine
  2. assertiveness training
  3. coping strategies
  4. desensitization
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13
Q

Childhood Depression

A
  • withdrawal
  • crying
  • avoidance of eye contact
  • poor appetite
  • aggressive behavior
  • irritability
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14
Q

Bio Causes for Childhood Depression

A
  1. mood disordered families
  2. drinking during pregnancy
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15
Q

Environmental Causes for Childhood Depression

A
  1. traumatic events
  2. negative parental behavior, divorce
  3. negative atributional style
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16
Q

Tx of Childhood Depression

A
  • antidepressants
  • cognitive behavioral therapy
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17
Q

Pervasive Developmental Disorders

A
  • result of structural differences in brain
  • evident at birth or in development
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18
Q

Autism

A

development disorder with deficits in:

  • language, motor, perceptual development
  • defective reality testing
  • inability to function in social situations
19
Q

Symptoms of Autism

A
  1. lack of social understanding
  2. inability to use language
  3. self stimulation, repetitive behavior
  4. impaired intellect
  5. resistance to change
20
Q

Causes for Autism

A
  • defective genes
  • radiation damage
21
Q

Tx of Autism

A

behavioral tx:

  • eliminate self injurous behavior
  • master social behavior
  • develop language
22
Q

Aspergers Disorder

A
  • restricted interests
  • repetative behavior
  • impairment of interpersonal interactions (face expressions, posture, gestures, peer relation)
23
Q

Tx of Aspergers

A
  • antidepressants
  • antipsychotics
  • mood stabilizers
  • social-behavior learning
24
Q

Dyslexia

A

problems with word recognition and reading comprehension

  • bad spelling, memory
  • distort words
25
Q

Causes for Learning Disabilities

A
  • immature, deficient brain function
  • improper asymmetrical brain development
26
Q

Mental Retardation

A

subaverage intellectual functioning with limits in adaptive functioning in:

  • self care
  • work
  • health
  • safety
  • before 18
27
Q

Mild Retardation

A
  • intellect: 8-11 yr old
  • can function well as self supporting adults
  • require some supervision
28
Q

Moderate Retardation

A
  • intellect: 4-7 yr old
  • able to master routine skills
  • slow learning
  • bad motor coordination
  • can achieve partial independence
29
Q

Severe Retardation

A
  • severely impaired motor and language function
  • maybe sensory defects, motor handicap
  • dependent on carer
30
Q

Profound Retardation

A
  • severe deficiency in adaptive behavior
  • can only master simple tasks
  • sever physical deformities
  • seizures
  • mutism
  • deafness
  • poor health
31
Q

Causes for Retardation

A
  • genes: deficits in chromosomes, fragile X (downe’s)
  • Infections: viral encephalitis, herpes, syphilis, HIV
  • Toxins: alcohol, carbon monoxide
  • Trauma
  • Radiation
  • Malnutrition
32
Q

Down Syndrome

A
  • moderate, sever retardation
  • health problems later in life
  • extra chromosome 21
33
Q

Symptoms of Down Syndrome (6)

A
  • almond shaped eyes
  • flat, broad nose and back of head
  • fissures in tongue
  • stubby fingers
  • accelerated aging
  • decline in cognition
34
Q

Risk Factors of Down Syndorme

A
  • increasing age of mother
  • very young mothers
35
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A
  • child lacks liver enzyme to break down phenylalanine (amino acid in food)
  • causes brain damage
  • retardation after massive consumption
36
Q

Symptoms of PKU (3)

A
  • retardation
  • lack of motor coordination
  • pale eyes, skin hair
37
Q

Tx of PKU

A

restrictive diet

38
Q

Microcephaly

A
  • large headedness
  • increase brain size
  • enlargement of skull
  • visual impairment
  • convulsions
39
Q

Symptoms Microcephaly (6)

A
  • moderate, severe, profound retardation
  • small cone shaped head
  • cranium fails to grow
  • short with normal muscles
  • receding chin and forehed
  • little language
40
Q

Hydrocephaly

A

accumulation of cerebro spinal fluid

  • causes damage to brain tissue
  • enlargement of skull
  • can be caused in adolescence after brain tumor, meningitis, hematoma
41
Q

Symptoms of Hydrocephaly (3)

A
  • gradual enlargement of head
  • intellectual impairment
  • loss of sight, hearing
42
Q

Tx of Hydrocephaly

A

shunt to drain fluid

43
Q

Tx of Retardation

A
  • institutionalization
  • residential care
  • edication, training facilities
  • inclusion programs

Abnormal Psych (11 decks)

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