Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
Substance-induced Disorder
Any long-lasting, enduring, or continual side effect of drugs
Gambling Disorder
In the DSM-5, behavioral addiction that affects the brain’s reward system similarly to substance abuse.
How long does an individual need to have displayed a problematic pattern of drug use to consider diagnosing a SUD?
At least 12 months, with at least 2 of 11 symptoms.
Early Remission
Two days to one year
Sustained Remission
After one year
Full remission
No symptoms are present after ninety days.
Partial remission
Some symptoms return.
Alcohol
Ethyl alcohol, common tranquilizer that depresses the CNS,.
Alcohol Intoxication
Psychological and maladaptive behaviors (inappropriate aggressive and sexual behaviors, mood lability, talkativeness, slurred speech, loss of coordination, etc.)
Alcohol Withdrawal
Quitting or reducing extreme and long-lasting alcohol use causing an agitated state of autonomic hyperactivity, psychomotor agitation, hand tremors, insomnia, depression, grand Mal seizures, nausea, seizures, hallucinations, illusions, and anxiety.
Delirium Tremens
Vibrant hallucinations, delusions, autonomic hyperactivity, and agitation
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Thiamine deficiency damaging to the thalamus that causes deficits in recent memories, disorientation, lack of insight, retrograde amnesia, and confabulation.
Alcoholism
Ingestion of alcoholic beverages to the point of causing unceasing damage to the drinker in social, physical, mental, and economic areas.
Co-Alcoholics
Adults who have a degree of choice when adapting to their dependent spouse.
Para-Alcoholics
Children of alcoholics who inherit their parents’ habits and propensities towards alcoholism.
Behavioral Responses of Co-Alcoholics
- Grandiosity
- Managing and controlling others
- Denial
- Blame and projection
- Lying
- Depression
- Flattened Affect (Suppression)
Behaviors and Attitudes of Para-Alcoholics
- Grandiosity
- Managing and Controlling others (take over duties of parents)
- Lack of trust
- Denial
- Blame and Projection
- Lying
- Depression
4 Stages for Individuals Recovering from Dependency
- The call for help
- Discovery
- Awareness
- Recovery Stages
Alcohol Intoxication
Organic mental disorder, individual shows signs of maladaptive behavior with characteristic symptoms such as slurred speech and uneven walking.
Alcohol Idiosyncratic Intoxication
Maladaptive behavior changes result from an amount of alcohol use that in the majority of people will not intoxicate.
Uncomplicated Alcohol Withdrawal
5-7 days. Heavy consumption of alcohol is ended or decreased, causing hand tremors, tongue tremors, and eyelid tremors. User must experience one of the following: nausea, vomiting, weakness, autonomic hyperactivity, anxiety, depressed mood, irritability, transient hallucinations, illusions, headaches, or insomnia.
Stimulant Withdrawal Syndrome
Severe and long-time user stops use of a stimulant and experiences strong symptoms.
Anhedonic Craving
A craving because of boredom and wish for a high
Conditioned Craving
A craving due to environmental reminders of pleasure derived from stimulant use.
3 Levels of Stimulant Withdrawal Syndrome
- Initial extreme crash
- Euthymia (relaxed and experiences few cravings)
- Irregular Conditioned Craving (cravings reduce, although sometimes they can last for months or years.)
How much caffeine is in one cup of coffee?
100 - 150 mg
How much caffeine does it take for Caffeine Intoxication to occur?
250 mg
How many mg of caffeine a day does it take to produce caffeine dependence?
350 mg
Cannabis Withdrawal
Follows the end of heavy, chronic use of cannabis. Within one week of cessation at least 3 of the following symptoms must be present: irritability, anxiousness, sleep disturbances, weight or appetite loss, depressed mood, physical manifestation.
In order to have Cannabis Withdrawal…
The individual must also have Cannabis Use Disorder at the moderate or severe level.
Hallucinogenic Drugs
Produce altered sensations, perceptions, thoughts, and emotions.
Hallucinogen Intoxication
Causes stimulation effects such as tachycardia, pupillary dilation, tremors, and illusions and hallucinations.
Hallucinogen-Persisting Disorder
Flashbacks of prior hallucinations
What is a common result of using MDMA?
Hyperthermia (overheating.O
Can psychoactive chemicals in hallucinogens produce withdrawal?
They can produce tolerance, but NEVER withdrawal.
Angel Dust
A hallucination smoked in combo with tobacco and marijuana.
Inhalants
Substances that produce gases and vapors that are inhaled to achieve euphoria or other intoxicating effects.
Volatile Solvents
Chemical products like paint thinner, model airplane cement, or other inhaled substances.
How does nicotine work?
Goes into the bloodstream > fires up adrenal glands > they discharge epinephrine > leading to stimulation of the CNS > increase blood pressure/respiration/HR > release of glucose into blood> hold back insulin output >chronic elevated levels of blood sugar > increase of Dopamine.
Narcotic Analgesics
Used by medical professionals to help clients relax and become sedated or to control severe pain (opium, morphine, codeine, heroin, Percodan, Demerol, and methadone.)
Opiate Overdose
Decrease in pulse, convulsions, coma, or death.
Methadone
A synthetic opiate used to obstruct the effects of heroin for 24 hours
LAAM
Levomethadyl acetate, a synthetic opiate used to obstruct the effects of opiates for as many as seventy two hours
Naloxone
Treats heroin overdose
Naltrexone
Used to inhibit morphine, heroin, and other opiate effects. Opiate blocker med. 3x a week or intravenously 1x per month. Individuals must first be detoxified from opiates.
Benzodiazepines
Relieves anxiety, Valium, Halcion, Xanax, Ativan, Klonopin (think AM’s)
Barbiturates
Function by interrupting impulses to reticular activating system, highly addictive, tolerance and severe withdrawal, can lead to coma. (think AL’s)
Propranolol
A beta blocker used to cure hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, migraines, and essential tremors.
Anabolic Steroids
Psychoactive male hormones used to increase the mass of muscles and all are listed on the Controlled Substances Schedule III. (think SONE’S)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Compound used to counteract anabolic steroids by restarting the body’s testosterone.
Diagnosis of a Gambling Disorder
At least 4 of the following:
1. Preoccupation with gambling or planning to gamble
2. Increased monetary investment
3. Unsuccessful efforts to control gambling
4. Using gambling to escape problems
5. Chasing losses with more gambling
6. Lying to others
7. Committing illegal acts to fund gambling
8. Risking a relationship, job, career, or educational opportunity
9. Relying on others to relieve desperate financial situations caused by gambling.
