DSM-5 Overview Flashcards
Abnormal Behavior
Deviation from social norms, or maladaptive behavior that interferes with optimal functioning and growth of the individual, and ultimately society.
5 Views of Human Mind and Nature that Reveal the Psychological Perspective
- Psychoanalytic
- Behavioristic
- Humanistic
- Existential
- Interpersonal
DSM-5
Uses a diagnostic system to classify patterns of abnormal behavior. (22 diagnostic clusters).
Severity Index: Mild
Few, if any, symptoms in excess of those required to make the diagnosis are present. Intensity of symptoms is distressing, but manageable, and the symptoms result in minor impairment in social or occupational functioning.
Severity Index: Moderate
The number of symptoms, intensity of symptoms, and/or functional impairment are between those specified for mild and severe.
Severity Index: Severe
The number of symptoms is substantially in excess of that required to make the diagnosis. The intensity of the symptoms is seriously distressing and unmanageable, and the symptoms markedly interfere with social and occupational functioning.
Nine categories of symptoms
(Twinkle twinkle) First we have emotional concern, compulsive actions, impulsive too. Then marked hyperactivity, learning problems, neuromuscular involvement. Cognitive disturbances, physical complaints, sleep problems. Nine symptoms.
Duration Key Words
All the time, comes and goes, last Thursday, a month ago
Intensity Key Words
Strong, a little bit, disabling, weak, a whole lot
How do personality disorders and IDD differ from other disorders?
They last longer, do not change much over time, and are integral to the individual’s interaction with the world.
Personality Disorder
A lasting pattern of behavior and inner experience that markedly deviates from the norms of the client’s culture.
What are the different areas personality disorder can be exhibited in?
2 of the following:
1. Affect
2. Cognition
3. Impulse control
4. Interpersonal functioning
What are two hallmarks of personality diagnoses?
- Early onset (adolescence into adulthood)
- Personality pattern occurs under all situations: home, work, on vacation.
What should you think when there is a medical condition like a brain injury or HIV/AIDS?
Will this condition affect the individuals functioning?
How do they affect the planning of potential tx?
Psychosocial and Environmental Stressors
Must represent current issues faced by the client. What has changed in the client’s life during the past year?
Problem-Solving Skills
An important coping resource enabling people to handle issues posed by stressors. Seek info, progress to identification of the problem, then determine possible solutions.
Social Skills
An important coping resource because social interaction is a component of many stressful situations.
Groupings of Stressors
Family, work, and education
Identify the Disorder
- What are the symptoms?
- What is their duration?
- What is the intensity?
Affective Symptoms of Mania Disorder
Extreme high spirits and elevated moods or low spirits with anger and irritability.
Behavioral Symptoms of Mania
Clients are extremely talkative, loud, may sing, rhyme, make puns, demonstrate hyperactive or agitated behavior.
Cognitive Symptoms of Mania
Unable to concentrate, have lax ideas and associations, develop exaggerated view of self and accomplishments
Social/Interpersonal Symptoms of Mania
Annoyance, intolerance, anger, aggression, talkativeness, extreme actions, and rudeness.
Dual Disorder
Two interactive, yet separate, simultaneously-occurring medical disorders
Sequential Tx
Clients finish one tx system before moving onto another
Parallel tx
Clients are treated simultaneously in two tx programs.
Integrated Tx
Clients are treated in all-encompassing tx programs that attend to the needs of their dual disorders.
Bipolar and related disorders/Depressive Disorders
Long-lasting emotional state characterized by pathological or depressed mood disturbances.
Mood Episodes
Clients have symptoms that last for a long period.
Major Depressive Disorder
Clients have one or more depressive episodes characterized by depressed moods, loss of pleasure, weight loss, insomnia, fatigue, misplaced guilt, and limited ability to think clearly or focus.
Delusional Disorder
Clients have dominating and well-ordered delusions and may not yet have had hallucinations, as is the case of disorganized thoughts or behaviors.
4 Different Types of Anxiety Disorders
- Affective (nervousness, panic)
- Behavioral (Motor tension, voice and speech cues)
- Cognitive (worrying, confusion)
- Somatic anxiety (physical problems)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Occurs when a person feels anxious all of the time and when there is no obvious reason for worry. Symptoms fall into two categories: apprehensive expectation and physical symptoms.
What is the most common way to treat a GAD?
A multimodal approach, focused on cognitive-behavioral and behavioral strategies as well as self-monitoring, relaxation, and exposure methods.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessions and/or compulsions that occupy much of his or her time or cause significant distress or impairment.
Compulsions
Obsessions made manifest (counting, hand washing, cleaning)
Magical Thinking
If I clap 50 times I will prevent my mother from dying.
Theoretical Approaches for OCD
Behavioral, cognitive behavioral, rational emotive, exposure and response prevention.
Panic Disorder
Panic attacks involving intense fear doubled with symptoms like heart pounding, breathing difficulties, trembling, and fear of dying or losing control.
Agoraphobia
Fear of places and situations that might cause panic, helplessness, or embarrassment.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Develops in the aftermath of a specific stressful traumatic event, exceeds one month and involves recurring memories of the trauma.
4 Types of Depressive Disorders
- Affective
- Behavioral or vegetative
- Cognitive
- Social or interpersonal depression
Dysphoria
Feelings of sorrow, dejection, exhaustion, bitterness, or suicidal tendencies.
Cyclothymic Disorder
A mood disorder causing highs and lows, not as extreme as Bipolar.
Problem areas addressed in interpersonal psychotherapy
- Unresolved grief
- Difficulties with role transitions
- Interpersonal disputes
- Inadequate social skills
Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive episodes without a history of manic, mixed, or hypomanic episodes.
Pseudodementia
Depression in the elderly that looks like Major Neurocognitive Disorder
BDI-II
Beck’s Depression Inventory. Measures the severity of a client’s depression, including suicide and homicide risks.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Form of depression, not as debilitating as Major Depressive Disorder. More common in women than in men. Chronic depression that is continual in nature.
Bipolar Disorder
Moderate or severe depression that alternates with very high levels of happiness and physical activity. Mania is required for Bipolar 1. Explain the diagnosis.
Bipolar II Disorder
Client has both major depressive episode and a hypomanic episode but never develops a full manic episode.
Lithium
Mood stabilizing medicine used to treat certain Mi like Bipolar.
