Behavioral Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Behavioral Therapy

A

Learning occurs when there is either positive or negative reinforcement.

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2
Q

Behavioral Therapy Treatment

A

Social skills, assertiveness training, self-control exercises and performance-based techniques (like behavior modification programs.)

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3
Q

4 Types of Behavioral Therapy

A
  1. Applied Behavior Analysis
  2. Neuro-Behavioristic Stimulus Response
  3. Social Learning Theory
  4. Cognitive Behavior Modification
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4
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis

A

Sees behavior as a function of its consequence. Uses behavior modification techniques of stimulus control, reinforcement, punishment, and extinction.

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5
Q

Neuro-Behavioristic Stimulus Response Therapy

A

Systematic desensitization and conditioning, extinguishing causes of anxiety.

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6
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Behaviors, cognitive processes, and the environment work together to influence behavior. Stresses mediation, external stimuli, and external reinforcement. Client determines which behaviors to change.

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7
Q

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

A

Cognitive restructuring. Emphasis is on altering irrational ideas, perceptions, and interpretations of individuals experiences.

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8
Q

Behavioral Learning Theory

A

Focuses on identifiable, observable behaviors. To explain personality development, behaviorists aim to describe how people think, perceive, and learn. 3 approaches (contiguity theory, classical theory, operant theory).

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9
Q

Contiguity Theory

A

Guthrie, Any combo of stimulus combined with a response is associated. Learning occurs in a single trial. Interference is the reason for forgetting information or behavior.

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10
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Pavlov’s dogs, conditioned stimulus produces a conditioned response. Used to treat phobias, anxieties, and aberrant behavior.

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11
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

A conditioned stimulus is repeated along with another like stimulus until the latter alone produces the response.

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12
Q

Extinction

A

A conditioned response fades over time as a conditioned stimulus is repeated without the unconditioned, natural stimulus.

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13
Q

Counter conditioning

A

A conditioned stimulus is coupled with another stimulus to evoke a response contrary to that produced by the original stimulus.

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14
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

To treat anxiety, joined relaxation with an anxiety-causing stimulus to render the stimulus harmless.

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15
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Using consequences to alter the form and frequency of behavior, focusing on modifying voluntary behavior.

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16
Q

Reinforcement

A

A consequence or procedure that increase the frequency of a behavior immediately preceding the consequence or procedure.

17
Q

Punishment

A

The presentation of an aversive behavior or event or the removal of a positive reinforcer that causes a behavior to decrease in frequency.

18
Q

Extinction

A

The stopping of a behavior because the reinforcement is no longer effective.

19
Q

Fixed interval

A

Reinforcement is repeated at timely intervals (ex: every 10 seconds.)

20
Q

Variable interval

A

Reinforcement interval changes (2 seconds, then 7, then 4)

21
Q

Fixed ratio

A

Reinforcement occurs at fixed response intervals (every 5th response)

22
Q

Variable ratio

A

Rate tied to the number of responses

23
Q

Satiation

A

Individual is not hungry for the stimulant.

24
Q

Immediacy

A

Closeness in time that feedback is given to a response, the more immediate, the better the response.

25
Q

Contingency

A

Schedule of reinforcement or level of consistency of delivery of the consequence following the behavior over time. If consistent and immediate, effectiveness is high.

26
Q

Size

A

refers to the determination an individual makes about a consequence (+ or -) - whether the behavior is worth the effort.

27
Q

Token Economy

A

Rewards desired behaviors with tokens that can be saved and traded for another reinforcement.

28
Q

Shaping

A

Used to encourage specific behavior by rewarding actions that come closer to the desired behavior.

29
Q

Differential Reinforcement

A

Combines extinction of unwanted behavior with positive reinforcement for desired behavior.

30
Q

Vicarious conditioning

A

Learning by observing another’s experience with classical conditioning.

31
Q

Primary Vicarious Conditioning

A

Occurs when an observer sees the model’s behavior reinforced then performs the same behavior.

32
Q

Secondary vicarious conditioning

A

Occurs when symbolic representations of behavior and its consequences are absorbed through reading, looking at other images, or from a verbalized description.

33
Q

Avoidance Learning

A

Form of learning that seeks to stop an aversive stimulus or unpleasant situation by engaging the new or learned behavior.

34
Q

Noncontingent Reinforcement

A

Delivery of a reinforcing stimulus on a response-independent basis.