Behavioral Therapy Flashcards
Behavioral Therapy
Learning occurs when there is either positive or negative reinforcement.
Behavioral Therapy Treatment
Social skills, assertiveness training, self-control exercises and performance-based techniques (like behavior modification programs.)
4 Types of Behavioral Therapy
- Applied Behavior Analysis
- Neuro-Behavioristic Stimulus Response
- Social Learning Theory
- Cognitive Behavior Modification
Applied Behavior Analysis
Sees behavior as a function of its consequence. Uses behavior modification techniques of stimulus control, reinforcement, punishment, and extinction.
Neuro-Behavioristic Stimulus Response Therapy
Systematic desensitization and conditioning, extinguishing causes of anxiety.
Social Learning Theory
Behaviors, cognitive processes, and the environment work together to influence behavior. Stresses mediation, external stimuli, and external reinforcement. Client determines which behaviors to change.
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Cognitive restructuring. Emphasis is on altering irrational ideas, perceptions, and interpretations of individuals experiences.
Behavioral Learning Theory
Focuses on identifiable, observable behaviors. To explain personality development, behaviorists aim to describe how people think, perceive, and learn. 3 approaches (contiguity theory, classical theory, operant theory).
Contiguity Theory
Guthrie, Any combo of stimulus combined with a response is associated. Learning occurs in a single trial. Interference is the reason for forgetting information or behavior.
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s dogs, conditioned stimulus produces a conditioned response. Used to treat phobias, anxieties, and aberrant behavior.
Stimulus Generalization
A conditioned stimulus is repeated along with another like stimulus until the latter alone produces the response.
Extinction
A conditioned response fades over time as a conditioned stimulus is repeated without the unconditioned, natural stimulus.
Counter conditioning
A conditioned stimulus is coupled with another stimulus to evoke a response contrary to that produced by the original stimulus.
Systematic Desensitization
To treat anxiety, joined relaxation with an anxiety-causing stimulus to render the stimulus harmless.
Operant Conditioning
Using consequences to alter the form and frequency of behavior, focusing on modifying voluntary behavior.
Reinforcement
A consequence or procedure that increase the frequency of a behavior immediately preceding the consequence or procedure.
Punishment
The presentation of an aversive behavior or event or the removal of a positive reinforcer that causes a behavior to decrease in frequency.
Extinction
The stopping of a behavior because the reinforcement is no longer effective.
Fixed interval
Reinforcement is repeated at timely intervals (ex: every 10 seconds.)
Variable interval
Reinforcement interval changes (2 seconds, then 7, then 4)
Fixed ratio
Reinforcement occurs at fixed response intervals (every 5th response)
Variable ratio
Rate tied to the number of responses
Satiation
Individual is not hungry for the stimulant.
Immediacy
Closeness in time that feedback is given to a response, the more immediate, the better the response.
Contingency
Schedule of reinforcement or level of consistency of delivery of the consequence following the behavior over time. If consistent and immediate, effectiveness is high.
Size
refers to the determination an individual makes about a consequence (+ or -) - whether the behavior is worth the effort.
Token Economy
Rewards desired behaviors with tokens that can be saved and traded for another reinforcement.
Shaping
Used to encourage specific behavior by rewarding actions that come closer to the desired behavior.
Differential Reinforcement
Combines extinction of unwanted behavior with positive reinforcement for desired behavior.
Vicarious conditioning
Learning by observing another’s experience with classical conditioning.
Primary Vicarious Conditioning
Occurs when an observer sees the model’s behavior reinforced then performs the same behavior.
Secondary vicarious conditioning
Occurs when symbolic representations of behavior and its consequences are absorbed through reading, looking at other images, or from a verbalized description.
Avoidance Learning
Form of learning that seeks to stop an aversive stimulus or unpleasant situation by engaging the new or learned behavior.
Noncontingent Reinforcement
Delivery of a reinforcing stimulus on a response-independent basis.
