Psychological Theories QUICK HITTERS Flashcards
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Key Concept: Normal personality development is based on successful resolution and integration of the psychosexual stages of development.
Goal: Make the unconscious conscious.
TR: Therapist remains anonymous as an analyst
Behavior Therapy
KC: Focus on overt behavior, precision in specifying goals of tx, development of tx plans, and objective evaluation of therapy outcomes. Behavior is learned thru reinforcement and imitation.
Goal: Eliminate maladaptive behavior patterns and learn constructive ones.
TR: Therapist is active, directive, and functions as a teacher.
Rational-Emotive Therapy
KC: Neurosis is irrational thinking and behaving. Their belief system is the cause of their problems.
Goal: Eliminate self-defeating outlook on life and become more tolerant and rational.
TR: Therapist is a teacher, client is the student.
Client-Centered Therapy
KC: Client has potential to become aware of problems and resolve them. MH is congruence of ideal self and real self.
Goal: Provide a safe climate for self-exploration so they can recognize blocks to growth.
TR: Therapist is genuine, warm, accurate empathy, respect, and communicative.
Gestalt Therapy
KC: Strive for wholeness and integration of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Personal responsibility, unfinished business, avoiding, experiencing, here and now.
Goal: Gain awareness of moment-to-moment experiences.
TR: Therapist does not interpret but assists.
Existential Therapy
Stresses core human conditions of responsibility and freedom, anxiety, the search for meaning, being alone and in relation with others, finiteness of death, and self-actualization.
Goal: Provide conditions for maximizing self-awareness and growth.
TR: Accurately grasp client’s being-in-the world and establish a personal and authentic encounter with them. Both client and therapist can be changed by the encounter.
Transactional Analysis
KC: The person has potential for choice. Personality made up of Parent, Adult, and Child. Games, rackets, early decisions, scripting, and injunctions are key.
Goal: Help client become script-free, game-free autonomous people capable of choosing how they want to be.
TR: Equal relationship.
Reality Therapy
The person has a need for identity - success or failure. Rejects medical model and MI. Value judgments and moral responsibility are stressed.
Goal: Guide clients twd. learning realistic and responsible behavior and develop a success identity.
TR: Get involved with client and encourage them to face reality.
Adlerian Therapy
A positive view of human nature is stressed. Emphasizes capacity to live in society cooperatively. Unity of personality. Provide encouragement and assist clients in changing their cognitive perspective.
Goal: Challenge client’s basic goals. Offer encouragement.
TR: Joint responsibility, mutually determining goals, mutual trust and respect. Equality.
